2. Lessons 27-28: Passive Voice Ablative of Agent Transitive/Intransitive Verbs Nov. 10-17, 2014

3. All About Verbs! Latin verbs have FIVE (5) characteristics: – Person – Number – Tense – Voice – Mood

4. Person Person=1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd Who is doing/did it?

5. Number Number=Singular, Plural How many?

6. Person + Number Chart! SingularPlural 1 st person I… we… 2 nd person you you (y’all )… 3 rd person he, she, they … it…

7. Tense Tense=Time (see below) When did it happen?

8. Voice Voice: Active, Passive Is the subject performing the action, or being acted upon?

9. Mood Mood: Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive Indicative: statements of fact, simple questions (we’ve used this since Latin 1) Imperative: commands (we’ve used this since Latin 1, too!) Subjunctive: conditions, possibilities, other special uses (wait until Latin 3!)

10. Passive Voice Passive Voice does NOT necessarily mean past tense. It refers to whether the subject is performing the action, or… …if the subject is being performed upon by something/someone else.

11. In the active voice, the subject PERFORMS THE ACTION of the verb. Puellae aquam portant. The girls carry water.

12. In the passive voice, the subject is ACTED UPON by the verb. Aqua a puellis portatur. (The water is carried by the girls.)

13. The horse is kicking the man. The girl will sing a song. Mom was cooking dinner. The man is being kicked by the horse. A song will be sung by the girl. Dinner was being cooked by Mom. Active vs. Passive Change the following sentences to passive voice. Do NOT change the sentence’s meaning or tense!

14. Ablative of Agent The words “a” and “ab” can mean “by” in Latin. They are used with passive voice verbs to tell “by whom” something is done.

15. Ablative of Agent The noun (agent) will be in the ablative case. Ablative endings: -a, -o (singular) -is (plural).

16. Aqua a puellis portatur. ABLATIVE OF AGENT

17. In Latin, there are special endings to show that the verbs are in the passive voice! First, let’s review the ACTIVE endings of the present tense.

18. Portare—present active voice porto portas portat portamus portatis portant

19. Portare—present passive voice portor I am (being) carried… portaris you are (being) carried… portatur portamur portamini portantur

20. Imperfect Tense--- passive voice -bar I was being verbed -baris you were being verbed -batur he/she/it was being verbed -bamur we were being verbed -bamini Y’all were being verbed -bantur They were being verbed

21. Future Tense ---passive voice 1 st /2 nd conjugation -bor I will be verbed -beris you will be verbed -bitur he/she/it will be verbed -bimur we will be verbed -bimini y’all will be verbed -buntur they will be verbed

22. Future Tense ---passive voice 3 rd /4th conjugation -ar I will be verbed -eris you will be verbed -etur he/she/it will be verbed -emur we will be verbed -emini y’all will be verbed -entur they will be verbed

23. Transitive vs. Intransitive In English and Latin, if a verb has a direct object, it is called transitive. If a verb does not have a direct object, it is called intransitive.

24. Transitive vs. Intransitive In English and normally in Latin, transitive verbs are the ones you can use with passive voice (because you can switch the subject/direct object).