1. Our capital cities Productivity, environmental and social issues

2. This presentation Productivity – making our cities globally competitive Environmentally sustainable cities Socially inclusive cities City governance Metro-wide: CBD to suburbs. Metro-wide: CBD to suburbs.

3. Global cities? A global economy of: trade flowing between/through cities (ports, telecommunication nodes) trade flowing between/through cities (ports, telecommunication nodes) being orchestrated by networks of people mostly located in cities being orchestrated by networks of people mostly located in cities with economic, social and cultural links with economic, social and cultural links The more globally linked a city is: the stronger the growth of its service sector, and the stronger the growth of its service sector, and more exposed it is to new ideas and new markets. more exposed it is to new ideas and new markets.

4. Global cities So the more globally linked a city is, the more likely it is to: More innovation More innovation Faster, more intense change in the economy Faster, more intense change in the economy More higher earning residents More higher earning residents More short term residents More short term residents Better returns for the nation as a whole Better returns for the nation as a whole …more expensive housing.

5. Issues for Australia’s cities Infrastructure: much of ours is old, poorly located or missing much of ours is old, poorly located or missing fragmented delivery, not metropolitan wide fragmented delivery, not metropolitan wide Becoming more global: Knowledge intensive goods & services – the resources boom will pass Knowledge intensive goods & services – the resources boom will pass Individual cities competitive edge: sectoral and spatial policy. sectoral and spatial policy.

6. Sustainable cities Multiple environmental issues: Land sustainability Land sustainability Bio-diversity Bio-diversity Visual/auditory pollution Visual/auditory pollution Water Water Green house gas – capitals cities as: Part of the problem/solution equation Part of the problem/solution equation Adaptation challenges. Adaptation challenges.

7. Problem/solution Major consumers of product/services that produce green house gas Sydney electricity up 500% per capita 1950-2000 Sydney electricity up 500% per capita 1950-2000 681 cars per 1,000 in 2005 681 cars per 1,000 in 2005 $5.9 billion in food dumped every year $5.9 billion in food dumped every year City level solutions Shaping cities to reduce emissions Shaping cities to reduce emissions Transport strategies including mode shift Transport strategies including mode shift New buildings materials New buildings materials Retro-fit existing buildings Retro-fit existing buildings Behaviour change strategies. Behaviour change strategies.

8. Adaptation All but Canberra coastal Impact modelling high level – local unclear Impacts include: Infrastructure Infrastructure Health Health Climate change refugees Climate change refugees Imports and exports Imports and exports Adaptation costs – how much and who pays? ‘Failed cities’ risk.

9. Inclusive cities Multiple issues: Multi-cultural cities Multi-cultural cities Child friendly cities Child friendly cities Indigenous disadvantage Indigenous disadvantage Arts and culture Arts and culture Sport, recreation leisure Sport, recreation leisure Areas of disadvantage.

10. Disadvantage has a geography Old industrial – eg., SW Sydney, N Melbourne eg., SW Sydney, N Melbourne Displaced workers and welfare dependant Displaced workers and welfare dependant Middle ring cheaper housing - eg., Zillmere & Inala in Brisbane – eg., Zillmere & Inala in Brisbane – high welfare dependence and often high refugee high welfare dependence and often high refugee Outer belt housing Commuting to work Commuting to work High transport cost (likely to match/exceed housing costs) High transport cost (likely to match/exceed housing costs) Property values risky. Property values risky. Scattered pockets Low amenity Low amenity Poorly serviced. Poorly serviced.

11. Issues Issues: Accessibility of jobs and services (time and money) Accessibility of jobs and services (time and money) Family home as an investment Family home as an investment Key workers Key workersSolutions: Higher speed public transport Higher speed public transport Higher density/TODs – 50% of growth in existing footprint Higher density/TODs – 50% of growth in existing footprint Metro level planning to better locate new housing but recognise market forces – Queen Elizabeth in 1580’s. Metro level planning to better locate new housing but recognise market forces – Queen Elizabeth in 1580’s.

12. City governance City governance a mix of all levels of government all levels of government private sector private sector community groups, etc community groups, etc Sub-optimal demarcations eg., who’s network is it? eg., who’s network is it? Multiple LGAs – ‘close to the people’ verses bigger picture ‘close to the people’ verses bigger picture City issues are complex Can not be solved by one level of government Can not be solved by one level of government Pragmatic federalism – subsidiarity and partnerships. Pragmatic federalism – subsidiarity and partnerships.