1. U.S./ World’s Response to the Rising Aggression US 2 Advanced

2. Previous Attempts to Keep Peace Washington Conference 1921 Kellogg Briand Pact World Disarmament Conference – Geneva,1932 –Again, France wanted to create an international army to counter Germany’s growing power – US instead wanted to the decrease of offensive weapons (tanks, bombers) Reduce land and naval forces – Conference dissolved in failure.

3. Japan’s Rising Aggression Get with a partner, fill out Japan aggression sheet.

4. U.S./ World’s Response - Japan Option #1 – U.S. Secretary of State Henry Stimson continued to hope the moderates would regain control and halt the invasion –Militarist stayed in control, invasion of Manchuria complete by 1932

5. U.S./World’s Response to Japanese Option #2 – Stimson issued stern warnings –Toothless warnings

6. U.S./World’s Reaction to Japanese Option #3 – go along with League of Nations in economic sanctions –Hoover refused to cooperate w/ the League of Nations –Japan withdrew from the League in 1933

7. U.S./World’s Reaction to Japanese Option #4 – Refuse to grant diplomatic recognition to the new Japanese territories –Japan just does it anyway

8. Effects of Japan in Manchuria - Japan unconcerned, ultimately expanded aggression attacking Shanghai and Nanjing killed thousands of civilians.

9. Effects of Japan in Manchuria - Rejected League of Nations and any Naval limitations from Washington Conference - Became allies with Hitler and Mussolini

10. Italy in Ethiopia 1880s and 1890s, Italy gained little territory in Africa 1890s, Italy was defeated by African powers, = HUMILIATION of Italy Mussolini wants revenge  invades Ethiopia in 1935 Despite Ethiopian resistance, Italy was successful

11. U.S./ World Response - Italy World Response - League gives economic sanctions on Italy 1. Oil excluded from sanctions 2. Not effectively enforced 3. Leading Countries Do Not Follow Along Ex. Britain allows Italian ships through the Suez Canal on way to Ethiopia US Response - Give No Support to Either Side

12. Outcome of Diplomacy with Italy Italy after WW1 on side of Allies, Mussolini had distrust of Hitler too After Ethiopia, Mussolini resigns from League because of League sanctions Relationship with allies deteriorates which allows opportunity to become closer with Hitler 1936 first references Rome-Berlin Axis

13. Effects of Mussolini’s Shift This kills the League of Nations as a peace keeping instrument a. Ethiopian emperor basically makes Eulogy b. Threatens France w/ a two front war c. Diplomacy is now a shift in ideology over interests May 1939 - Pact of Steel – formal pact between Hitler and Mussolini