1. A Close-Up View of You
Chapter 1

2. Your Life Path
Your birth marks the beginning of your path in this world
Life Span – your path from birth to death
Each person’s life path is unique although it might be similar to others, no one will have a life path just like another person’s life path

3. Heredity
You start your life path with genes you receive from your parents
Gene – the basic unit of heredity
Your unique pattern of genes is defined as you DNA
Your DNA is so distinctive it can be used as a form of identification

4. Growth Stages Death Older Adult Years Adult Years Young Adult Years
Teen Years
Elementary Years
Childhood
Birth

5. Life Path Your life path will cross other people’s life path
Direct Influences – actions and words
Indirect Influences – not being invited to a party
You will also influence people directly and indirectly

6. Changes over Your Life Span
Developmental task – a skill that society expects of individuals at various stages of life
Accomplishing these tasks successfully helps you become an adult

7. Understanding and Accepting Yourself
One developmental task of a teen is to figure out “Who am I?’
Self-identity – a sense of individuality
Exploring the answer to this question will help you feel you have worth and value
Accepting who you are will make it easier for others to accept you as you are

8. Developing Mature Relationships
Parents
Decreasing dependence and increasing independence
Learning to live independently will help teens prepare for an occupation

9. Preparing for Change
Change is a part of normal life, although many fear change
In order to prepare for change you need to use these skills
Gather Information
Learn as much as you can
Develop Skills to Adjust
Managing the Change
Example: Budgets and schedule

10. Heredity
Heredity is the sum of the qualities that were passed from your ancestors through your parents to you
Hair color
Facial features
Height
The way you feel
The way you behave

11. Genes
A person normally inherits 23 rod-shaped particles called chromosome from each biological parent. The chromosome carry hereditary information from each biological parents. The child will get a total of 46 chromosome from their biological parent.
Genes determine all the inherited characteristics or traits

12. Physical Characteristics
Because of inherited genes you physical appearance may be similar to a brother, sister or other family member
Dominate Genes determine the nature of a certain trait in a person. A dominant gene always overrules a recessive gene
Example: Curly hair and brown eyes
Recessive genes determine the nature of the trait only when two of them are present. The child must receive one recessive gene form each parent
Example: Blond hair and blue eyes

13. Punnett Square
Punnett Square determine what possible gene pairs may result from combining two genes

14. Brain Development and Intelligence
Intelligence – your capacity for mental activity
Your ability to learn, understand, reason and think

15. How Your Brain Functions
Your are born over 100 billion nerve cell called neurons
Neurotransmitter are chemicals that allow messages to to be carried between neurons
Chemicals produced in the synapses can be affected by heredity and environment

16. How Your Brain Grows and Develops
Parts of the brain that are not used are trimmed back, and those nerve cells die off – use it or lose it
The critical time for learning to take place is called a window of opportunity. If the window is missed, the cells die off and the related development does not take place

17. Hereditary Diseases Certain diseases and disabilities are inherited
Some people are carries of a disease. This means they can pass the disease to their children but never have it themselves. A person who has a recessive gene for a disease may not show ANY symptoms of the disease
Defective genes affect a person when they are inherited in pairs. This is why marriage between blood relatives is discouraged. Children of these marriage have a higher chance of inheriting pairs of defective genes, which may result in birth defects and even death.

18. Genetic Counseling
Genetic counselors help people understand how hereditary diseases and disabilities are passed on.
Your Family Tree is a list of your blood relatives for several generations. By tracing your family tree, you can identify conditions that could be hereditary in your family.

19. Medical Research Vs. the Right to Privacy
Potential Problems regarding medical research and an Individual’s Right to Privacy
Misuse of medical information could lead to discrimination
A person with a high chance of a future serious illness may not be able to find employment
An insurance company may choose not to insure a person based on that individual risk of having a costly illness

20. Environment Your environment includes everything in your surrounding
Example: family, friends, home and school
Both heredity and environment influence personal development

21. The Influence of the Family Environment
The family is usually the major human influence in a person’s life
Most families want to provide a nurturing environment
Children feel secure and protected
Physical needs met
Learning opportunities
A child needs met on giving and receiving love
In such an environment, family members can grow and develop to maturity

22. The Prenatal Environment
The prenatal environment is the child’s surrounding before birth. The way a woman cares for herself during pregnancy will affect her baby.
Eating properly
Avoiding drugs and medications

23. Family in the Early Years
Safe environment
Feel love and secure
Provide experience which stimulation their intellectual development
Provide task for children do by themselves
Picking up toys
Getting dress
Making bed

24. Family in the Teen Years
Families can help a teen move to independence by:
Encouraging teens to develop friendships
Paying tuition to go to college
Allowing to express negative feelings in a family meeing
Development task of teen
Developing mature relationships
Preparing for marriage and family living
Preparing for an occupation

25. Family Structure
The structure of a family can influence many areas of a child’s life
Not all family structures will look the same
It is important the family fulfills it functions and meets the needs of each family members

26. Siblings Siblings is a brother or sister
Being the first, the last, middle or only child can make a difference in a child’s development

27. Sibling Position First Child
Parents are usually idealistic with their first child
High expectations
Given more responsibility in the family
May be required to set example and care for younger children
May develop skills such as:
Making decision
Organizing task
Supervision others

28. Youngest Child Often receives a lot of attention
Many times older siblings will complete task that the youngest child could do because of this youngest child may be slow to develop self- help skills and how to express themselves
In some families, expectations for the youngest child are lower from older to younger also they might provide fewer limits and responsibilities

29. Middle Child
Not given the responsibility as the oldest child or the same attention as the youngest child
Some become pacemaker
Some middle children put extra effort into their work to outdo an older sibling, others respond by choosing unacceptable activates that will get attention

30. Only Child May take longer to resolve conflicts with playmates
Spend more time one on one with adults
This can cause immature actions and attidues

31. Your Cultural Heritage and Society
Families are strongly influenced by its cultural heritage
Cultural Heritage is learned behavior that is passed from generation to generation
Holidays
Foods you eat
Religious traditions or ceremonies
Families pass on their customs and traditions to their children

32. The School Environment
Experiencing new situations and becoming more self- reliant
Families needed to give encouragement to help adjust to their new environment
A quality school environment provides a setting that encourages students to learn and grow
Teachers help students with praise and encouragement

33. Then Influence of Peers
Peers are the people who are the same age
Share common experiences as they are in the same age group
Peers can also influence the plans you make for future
As teen spend time with their friends, they learn to develop close relationships
This is important because it prepares you adult for marriage

34. Your Community’s Influence
Your community is part of your environment
Example housing, schools, parks and recreation programs
Resources available
Jobs
Clean air and healthful environment
Available shopping
Religious Institutions

35. Technology and the Environment
Technology is a powerful element in today’s environment
Technology influence:
Food you eat
Clothes you wear
Car you drive
Work you do

36. The Influence of Media and Electronic Entertainment
Media – television, radio, newspaper, magazines and the internet; used to communicate with large groups of people and in many cases provide entertainment as well
The creators of media and entertainment can influence the public – sometimes without people realizing it is happening

37. The Effects of Advertising
Advertising strongly influences how you spend your money. It is designed to stimulate sales of good and services by giving you information about the item.
Advertisers constantly try to persuade you to choose their products over others

38. Stress, Violence, and the Global Environment
Some stress is positive because it prompts a person to act
Extreme or long-term stress can have a negative effect on your growth. It can put the body in a state know as fight or flight

39. The Environment in the Adult Years
A person’s job
Marriage and Parenting

40. Responding with Resiliency
Scientists are constantly learning new things bout the brain and the human body’s amazing ability to respond with resiliency. That means the body adjust to setbacks and makes changes to service and reach its maximum growth and development.