2. Understanding Poetry

3. 2 In poetry the sound and meaning of words are combined to express feelings, thoughts, and ideas. The poet chooses words carefully. Poetry is usually written in lines.

4. 3 Poetry Elements Rhythm Sound Imagery Form Writers use many elements to create their poems. These elements include:

5. 4 Rhythm Rhythm is the flow of the beat in a poem. Gives poetry a musical feel. Can be fast or slow, depending on mood and subject of poem. You can measure rhythm in meter, by counting the beats in each line. (See next two slides for examples.)

6. 5 Rhythm Example The pickety fence Give it a lick it's The pickety fence Give it a lick it's A clickety fence Give it a lick it's a lickety fence Give it a lick With a rickety stick pickety pick. The Pickety Fence by David McCord The rhythm in this poem is fast – to match the speed of the stick striking the fence.

7. 6 Rhythm Example When the night begins to fall And the sky begins to glow You look up and see the tall City of lights begin to grow – In rows and little golden squares The lights come out. First here, then there Behind the windowpanes as though A million billion bees had built Their golden hives and honeycombs Above you in the air. By Mary Britton Miller Where Are You Now? The rhythm in this poem is slow – to match the night gently falling and the lights slowly coming on.

8. 7 Sound Rhyme Repetition Alliteration Onomatopoeia Writers love to use interesting sounds in their poems. After all, poems are meant to be heard. These sound devices include:

9. 8 Rhyme Rhymes are words that end with the same sound. (Hat, cat and bat rhyme.) Rhyming sounds don’t have to be spelled the same way. (Cloud and allowed rhyme.) Rhyme is the most common sound device in poetry.

10. 9 Rhyming Patterns Poets can choose from a variety of different rhyming patterns. Rhyme is the repetition of sounds at the ends of words. Usually take the alphabet format starting with A, then B AABB – lines 1 & 2 rhyme and lines 3 & 4 rhyme ABAB – lines 1 & 3 rhyme and lines 2 & 4 rhyme ABBA – lines 1 & 4 rhyme and lines 2 & 3 rhyme ABCB – lines 2 & 4 rhyme and lines 1 & 3 do not rhyme

11. 10 AABB Rhyming Pattern Snow makes whiteness where it falls. The bushes look like popcorn balls. And places where I always play, Look like somewhere else today. By Marie Louise Allen First Snow

12. 11 What is the Rhyming Pattern? I love noodles. Give me oodles. Make a mound up to the sun. Noodles are my favorite foodles. I eat noodles by the ton. By Lucia and James L. Hymes, Jr. Oodles of Noodles

13. 12 What is the Rhyming Pattern? Let me fetch sticks, Let me fetch stones, Throw me your bones, Teach me your tricks. By Eleanor Farjeon From “Bliss”

14. 13 On your own---Rhyming Pattern The alligator chased his tail Which hit him in the snout; He nibbled, gobbled, swallowed it, And turned right inside-out. by Mary Macdonald The Alligator

15. 14 Repetition Repetition occurs when poets repeat words, phrases, or lines in a poem. Creates a pattern. Increases rhythm. Strengthens feelings, ideas and mood in a poem.

16. 15 Repetition Example Some one tossed a pancake, A buttery, buttery, pancake. Someone tossed a pancake And flipped it up so high, That now I see the pancake, The buttery, buttery pancake, Now I see that pancake Stuck against the sky. by Sandra Liatsos What words are being repeated? The Sun

17. 16 Alliteration Alliteration is the repetition of the first consonant sound in words, as in the nursery rhyme “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.” The snake slithered silently along the sunny sidewalk.

18. 17 Alliteration Example I jiggled it jaggled it jerked it. I pushed and pulled and poked it. But – As soon as I stopped, And left it alone This tooth came out On its very own! by Lee Bennett Hopkins This Tooth

19. 18 Onomatopoeia Words that represent the actual sound of something are words of onomatopoeia. Dogs “bark,” cats “purr,” thunder “booms,” rain “drips,” and the clock “ticks.” Appeals to the sense of sound.

20. 19 Onomatopoeia Example Scrunch, scrunch, scrunch. Crunch, crunch, crunch. Frozen snow and brittle ice Make a winter sound that’s nice Underneath my stamping feet And the cars along the street. Scrunch, scrunch, scrunch. Crunch, crunch, crunch. by Margaret Hillert Listen

21. 20 Imagery Five Senses Imagery is the use of words to create pictures, or images, in your mind. Appeals to the five senses: smell, sight, hearing, taste and touch. Details about smells, sounds, colors, and taste create strong images. To create vivid images writers use figures of speech or figurative language.

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23. Close Your Eyes Imagine being there. What do you see around you? What sounds would you hear? What smells do you associate with the beach? What tastes does the beach brings to mind? What do you feel? Share with your group 22

24. Using Sensory Language 1. We heard a loud explosion, 2. The deafening explosion almost knocked us out of our chairs 1. The woman walked across the street. 2. The beautiful woman sashed across the hard gravel in her soft pink satin dress. 23

25. 24 Dawn's Awake By Otto Leland Bohanan The Dawn's awake! A flash of smoldering flame and fire Ignites the East. Then, higher, higher, O'er all the sky so gray, forlorn 1, The torch of gold is borne. The Dawn's awake! The dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills. And music singing in the hills A paean 2 of eternal spring Voices the new awakening. The Dawn's awake! Whispers of pent-up harmonies, With the mingled fragrance of the trees; Faint snatches of half-forgotten song-- Fathers! torn and numb,-- The boon of light we craved, awaited long, Has come, has come! 1. Forlorn: Pitifully sad and abandoned or lonely: 2. Paean: A song of praise or triumph.

26. 25 Forms of Poetry Narrative Lyric Haiku Concrete Poem Free Verse Limerick There are many forms of poetry including the:

27. 26 Lines and Stanzas Most poems are written in lines. A group of lines in a poem is called a stanza. Stanzas separate ideas in a poem. They act like paragraphs. This poem has two stanzas. March A blue day A blue jay And a good beginning. One crow, Melting snow – Spring’s winning! By Eleanor Farjeon

28. 27 Haiku A haiku is a Japanese poem with 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables. (Total of 17 syllables.) Does not rhyme. Is about an aspect of nature or the seasons. Captures a moment in time. Little frog among rain-shaken leaves, are you, too, splashed with fresh, green paint? by Gaki

29. 28 Concrete Poem A concrete poem (also called shape poem) is written in the shape of its subject. The way the words are arranged is as important what they mean. Does not have to rhyme.

30. Lyric Poem A type of poetry that expresses the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker, often I highly musical verse. 29

31. Lyric Poem I felt a Funeral, in my Brain, And Mourners to and fro Kept treading - treading - till it seemed That Sense was breaking through - And when they all were seated, A Service, like a Drum -Kept beating - beating - till I thought My Mind was going numb - And then I heard them lift a Box And creak across my Soul With those same Boots of Lead, again, Then Space - began to toll, As all the Heavens were a Bell, And Being, but an Ear, And I, and Silence, some strange Race Wrecked, solitary, here - And then a Plank in Reason, broke, And I dropped down, and down - And hit a World, at every plunge, And Finished knowing - then - 30 This example of lyric poetry is a poem by Emily Dickinson named I Felt a Funeral in my Brain. It describes a person who is going insane, or thinks they are:

32. 31 Free Verse A free verse poem does not use rhyme or patterns. Can vary freely in length of lines, stanzas, and subject. Revenge When I find out who took the last cooky out of the jar and left me a bunch of stale old messy crumbs, I'm going to take me a handful and crumb up someone's bed. By Myra Cohn Livingston

33. 32 Limerick A limerick is a funny poem of 5 lines. Lines 1, 2 & 5 rhyme. Lines 3 & 4 are shorter and rhyme. Line 5 refers to line 1. Limericks are a kind of nonsense poem. I really don’t know about Jim. When he comes to our farm for a swim, The fish as a rule, jump out of the pool. Is there something the matter with him? By John Ciardi There Seems to Be a Problem

34. Narrative Poem A NARRATIVE POEM tells a story and can be about anything. Sometimes the poem's lines have a rhyming pattern. Sometimes they don't rhyme at all. Let’s look at an example 33

35. Jimmy Goes to the City by Arthur Read Jimmy was a happy ape Until some hunters caught him He liked the jungle better than The city where they brought him The city was louder The city was meaner Even the dirt in the jungle was cleaner So Jimmy made a daring escape! The hunters were suddenly minus one ape! He climbed the tallest building Because from there he'd see How far away the jungle was From the middle of the city. Jimmy jumped into a passing plane But the pilot didn't wait for him to explain Jimmy flew back to the jungle And told his ape friends in their lair "The city's okay for a visit But you couldn't make me live there." 34

36. 35 Poetry What is poetry? Who knows? Not a rose, but the scent of a rose; Not the sky, but the light in the sky; Not the fly, but the gleam of the fly; Not the sea, but the sound of the sea; Not myself, but what makes me See, hear, and feel something that prose Cannot: and what it is, who knows? By Eleanor Farjeon