1. Single Lens Reflex Cameras

2. Single Lens Reflex Camera Shutter Release Shutter Speed Dial Hot Shoe-Flash Film Re-Winder Aperture Ring Focusing Ring Lens Release Button Film Release Button Film Winder Film Speed Dial Film Hatch

3. Inside the S.L.R.  The single lens reflex (S.L.R.) Camera uses a 45° mirror to reflect the image up through a prism to the viewfinder.  The mirror is positioned in front of the film and flips up just before the shutter fires.

4. Finding the Correct Exposure Time Correct Exposure Film Speed Aperture Shutter Speed [Film Speed, Aperture and Shutter Speed all affect each other combined they find the correct exposure time.]

5. Film Speed (ISO or ASA) Film Speed measures the degree to which film is sensitive to light.light 50 – 100 – 200 – 400 – 800 – 1600 - 3200 Fast Film SpeedsSlow Film Speeds High QualityPoor Quality Grainy  Slow films are used in bright light conditions or when a slower exposure is needed for high quality.  Fast films are used in low light conditions or when a fast exposure is needed.

6. Aperture The Aperture is the circular opening within a camera lens that determines the brightness of light reaching the film. Each aperture number or ‘click’ on the lens aperture ring is called a f-stop. Each time the aperture ring is changed by one number (f-stop) the amount of light passing through the lens either halves or doubles.

7. Depth of Field Shallow depth of fieldGreater depth of field f2.8 – f4 – f5.6 - f8 – f11 – f16

8. Depth of Field Shallow depth of fieldGreater depth of field f2.8 – f4 – f5.6 - f8 – f11 – f16  A wide aperture equals a low f-number (e.g. f2.8, f5.6). These apertures produce a narrow depth of field i.e. just the subject matter will be in focus not the background or foreground.  A narrow aperture equals a high f-number (e.g. f11, f16, f22). These apertures produce a large depth of field i.e. most of the photograph should be in focus.

9. Shutter Speed SHUTTER SPEED B 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500 1/1000 SHOWS MOVEMENT ◄ ► FREEZES MOVEMENT SLOWERSPEED FASTER SPEED MORE EXPOSURE TIME LESS EXPOSURE TIME Shutter speed is the length of time the shutter remains open. Shutter speed is also referred to as ‘exposure time’. The Shutter speed is measured in seconds and fractions of seconds. (I mportant to remember that you cannot use a slower shutter speed than 1/30 whilst handholding the camera, otherwise you will get camera shake.)

10. Shutter Speed Slower Shutter Speeds shows movement Faster Shutter Speeds freezes movement

11. Light Meter The camera uses a Light Meter to find the correct exposure time. The light meter is either ; 1.Built into the camera (Through The Lens or TTL) 2.A separate hand held unit The light meter will indicate the correct combinations of apertures and shutter speeds.

12. Shutter Speed and Aperture Combinations Chart Shutter Speed Aperture Slower shutter speed More light reaches film More chance of motion blurring Faster shutter speed Less light reaches film Less chance of motion blurring Smaller aperture Less light reaches film More depth of field Larger aperture More light reaches film Less depth of field

13. How were these images taken? 1. 2. 3. 4.