1. Photosynthesis & Respiration
Cellular Energy
Photosynthesis & Respiration

2. Energy Flow
Sun  Glucose (photosynthesis)  ATP (Respiration)

3. Cell Energy Energy ~ The ability to do work.
Main source of energy in living things: Glucose! C6H12O6
Glucose is a monosaccharide.
Glucose is made by photosynthesis for autotrophs.
Glucose is part of food eaten by heterotrophs.
Glucose is powerful – it must be turned into a gentler form of energy called ATP to be used by a cell.

4. Glucose
C6H12O6

5. How do you get glucose?
Autotroph ~ Organism that makes its own food (glucose) by photosynthesis.
Ex: plant
Heterotroph ~ Organism that must eat food (glucose) from an outside source.
Ex: human

6. Energy Storing Compounds
NADPH
ATP

7. ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP is an energy storing compound made in the mitochondria. It is made when glucose is broken down.
ADENOSINE
PO4
PO4
PO4

8. ATP
Be sure to watch!

9. Cellular Organelles
Chloroplasts: plant cells; energy from the sun is converted into glucose
Mitochondria: glucose is converted into ATP

10. Chloroplast Structure
Outer and Inner membranes contain and protect the inner parts
Stroma: area where reactions occur and sugars are created
Thylakoids: have chlorophyll molecules on their surface
Chlorophyll – pigment that uses sun’s energy to create glucose
Stroma lamella: act like the skeleton of the chloroplast, keeping all of the sacs a safe distance from each other and maximizing the efficiency of the organelle.

12. Mitochondria Outer membrane Cristae: the folds
Matrix: contains high number of enzymes; several steps of cellular respiration are performed here
DNA
Ribosomes

14. Photosynthesis
A chemical reaction in which light energy is converted into bond energy stored in a glucose molecule.

15. Photosynthesis Reaction
Requirements for photosynthesis:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Water (H2O)
Light
Chlorophyll
Products of photosynthesis:
Glucose (C6H12O6)
Oxygen (O2)

16. Plant Pigments Chlorophyll - green Xanthophyll - yellow
Carotene - orange
Anthocyanins
*Plant Pigments absorb energy and pass on to chlorophyll

17. Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is green in color, meaning that green light is reflected, not absorbed.
Chlorophyll absorbs primarily red and blue light for photosynthesis.

18. What is happening?
Red Light:
Green Light:

19. Light Reactions Starting molecules: CO2, H2O
Ending molecules: O2, NADPH, ATP e-

20. Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
Starting molecules:
Ending molecules:
CO2
C6H12O6 C5

21. Cellular Respiration Chemical reactions that convert glucose into ATP.
May or may not use oxygen.
Occurs in mitochondria.

22. Aerobic Respiration Oxygen Glucose 36 ATP Water Carbon dioxide
Materials Needed:
Materials Made:
Oxygen
Glucose
36 ATP
Water
Carbon dioxide

23. Anaerobic Respiration
Breaks down glucose without using oxygen.
Produces a poisonous waste product.
Only produces 2 ATP molecules from one glucose molecule.
Two types of anaerobic respiration:
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation

24. Lactic Acid Fermentation
C6H12O6 CO2 + lactic acid + 2ATP
Produces lactic acid as
a waste product.
Carried out by bacteria.
Causes milk to go sour.
Carried out by human muscle cells (reason you are sore after a workout)
Used in industry to make cheese and yogurt.

25. Alcoholic Fermentation
C6H12O6 CO2 + alcohol + 2ATP
Yeasts and other microorganisms carry out alcoholic fermentation
Formation of ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as wastes
Causes bread dough to rise

26. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration
Uses O2.
Breaks down glucose.
Produces 36 ATP.
Carried out by plants and animals.
Does not use O2.
Breaks down glucose.
Produces 2 ATP.
Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by yeast.
Lactic acid fermentation is carried out by bacteria.

27. Aerobic organisms
An organism that requires oxygen

28. Anaerobic organisms
An organism that does not require oxygen

29. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration
Produces C6H12O6 (glucose).
Occurs in the chloroplasts.
Produces O2 (oxygen gas).
Carried out by autotrophs.
Produces ATP.
Occurs in the mitochondria.
Produces CO2 (carbon dioxide).
Carried out by heterotrophs and autotrophs.
Aerobic respiration produces 36 ATP, anaerobic 2 ATP.