1. ALS by Cheetahs

2.  Güldeniz Karakuş  Abide Yıldız  Zeynep Özal  Esra Akman

3.  What is ALS ?  Causes and Risk Factors  Signs and Symptoms  Diagnosis and Treatment

5.  ALS belongs to a group of diseases called motor neuron diseases. It is a disease that attacks the nerve cells that are used in voluntary muscle actions; actions that we can control such as those in the arms, face and legs.

6.  There are two different types of ALS,  sporadic and familial.

7.  ALS is not contagious.  ALS attacks nerve cells found in the brain and spinal cord.  The average life expectancy of ALS patients after diagnosis is between 2-5 years.  Experts are currently unsure what causes ALS.  Muscle weakness occurs in 60% of ALS patients.  There is currently no cure for ALS.

11.  Gene Mutations  Chemical Imbalance  Disorganised Immune Responses  Protein Mishandling

13.  Heredity  Age  Sex

14.  Smoking  Lead exposure  Millitary Services

16.  ALS is typically a disease that involves a gradual onset.  The first symptoms of ALS can be quite varied in different people.

17.  Slurring of speech or trouble swallowing  Hand weakness or clumsiness  Difficulty walking, tripping or difficulty doing your normal daily activities  Weakness in your leg, feet or ankles  Muscle cramps and twitching in your arms, shoulders and tongue  Difficulty holding your head up or keeping a good posture

18.  When symptoms begin in the arms or legs, it is referred to as “limb onset” ALS.  Other individuals first notice speech problems, termed “bulbar onset” ALS.

19.  An abnormal reflex commonly called Babinski’s sign also indicates upper motor neuron damage

20. Permanent ventilatory support

21. Survival progress Survival progress also can be different for each person. Although the survival time with ALS is three to five years, many people live five, 10 or more years

22. ALS attacks only motor neurons And also ALS patients often experience fear,anxiety, and depression.

24. There is no single test that can be used to diagnose of ALS.However ;  Electromyography (EMG)  Nerve conduction study(NCS)

25. * ALS does not have a cure, but treatments exist to relieve symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life.  However...

26. NO CURE DOES NOT MEAN NO HOPE !

28.  Breathing therapy  Physical therapy  Occupational therapy  Speech therapy  Nutritional support  Psychological and social support

29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_gt_nxp Yyo

30. ALS DERNEĞİ https://www.als.org.tr 7-8. Kısım villalar karşısı, Afet yönetim merkezi arkası 34158 ATAKÖY İSTANBUL TURKEY Tel: (+90 212) 559 59 19, (+90 212) 559 50 55 Fax: (+90 212) 559 44 84

31.  ALS Association 1275 K Street, N.W. Suite 1050 Washington, DC 20005 advocacy@alsa-national.org http://www.alsa.org Tel: 202-407-8580 Fax: 202-289-6801 ALS Association advocacy@alsa-national.org http://www.alsa.org

32.  ALS Therapy Development Institute 300 Technology Square Suite 400 Cambridge, MA 02139 info@als.net http://www.als.net Tel: 617-441-7200 Fax: 617-441-7299 ALS Therapy Development Institute info@als.net http://www.als.net

33.  Prize4Life P.O. Box 425783 Cambridge, MA 02142 contact@prize4life.org http://www.prize4life.org Tel: 617-500-7527 Prize4Life contact@prize4life.org http://www.prize4life.org

34.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUayjO_ KgsQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUayjO_ KgsQ

36. References:  American Speech-Language Hearing Association http://www.asha.org/public/speech /disorders/als/http://www.asha.org/public/speech /disorders/als/  Health Talk Online http://healthtalkonline.org/peoples- experiences/nerves-brain/motor-neurone- disease/physical-therapy-and-exercisehttp://healthtalkonline.org/peoples- experiences/nerves-brain/motor-neurone- disease/physical-therapy-and-exercise  Live Science http://www.livescience.com/39583-als- lou-gehrigs-disease.htmlhttp://www.livescience.com/39583-als- lou-gehrigs-disease.html  Medscape http://emedicine.medscape.com/arti cle/306543-overview#aw2aab6b4http://emedicine.medscape.com/arti cle/306543-overview#aw2aab6b4

37.  Mayoclinic, Retriewed from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases- conditions/amyotrophic-lateral- sclerosis/basics/risk-factors/con-20024397 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases- conditions/amyotrophic-lateral- sclerosis/basics/risk-factors/con-20024397  ALS ASSOCIATION ( http://www.alsa.org/about- als/symptoms.html ) ALS ASSOCIATION http://www.alsa.org/about- als/symptoms.html  National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/amyotro phiclateralsclerosis/detail_ALS.htm#26767484)  Remedy’s Health Communities.com (http://www.healthcommunities.com/als/sym ptoms.shtml)http://www.healthcommunities.com/als/sym ptoms.shtml