1. African Cultures

2. Words to Know
Arab (review)
Ashanti
Bedouin (review)
San
Swahili
Bantu

3. Graphic Organizer
Religion
Life Style
Culture
Location
Language

4. Ethnic group vs Religious Group
Ethnic groups share many common characteristics such as language, physical features, customs, and traditions
Religious groups share a common belief system but are not necessarily composted of a single ethnic group.

5. Africa Religious Groups
In Africa the three major religions are Traditional Beliefs, Christianity, and Islam.
Traditional beliefs may include worship of ancestors, spirits, gods, animals, land, inanimate objects, and/or natural phenomena.

6. Arab
Arabic culture was first spread in the Middle East beginning in the 2nd century as ethnically Arab Christians such as the Ghassanids, Lakhmids and Banu Judham began migrating into the Northern Arabian desert and the Levant. The Arabic language gained greater prominence with the rise of Islam in the 7th century AD as the language of the Qur'an.

7. Arab
Genealogical: someone who can trace his or her ancestry to the tribes of Arabia - the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula - and the Syrian Desert.
Language is Arabic, including any of its varieties.
Location-througout the world however mostly in North Africa and the Middle East.

8. Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)
Think-Pair-Share
Did you know Arabs were found all over North Africa?
Do you think most Americans know that?
Why do you think many Americans are not aware North Africans are Arabs?

9. Islam Arab Graphic Organizer Arabic Middle East and North Africa
Modern(Varies between affluent to poverty
Arab
Middle East and North Africa
Arabic

10. Ashanti Ashanti, or Asante, are a major ethnic group in Ghana.
Prior to European colonization, the Ashanti people developed a large and influential empire in West Africa.
Today Ashanti number close to 7 million people (roughly 30% of the Ghanaian population. Their political power has fluctuated since Ghana's independence, but they remain largely influential. The current president of Ghana, John Agyekum Kufuor is Ashanti. The majority of the Ashanti reside in the Ashanti region, one of the administrative regions of the country. Kumasi, the capital of the current Ashanti region, has also been the historic capital of the Ashanti Kingdom.

11. The Ashanti are one of Africa's matrilineal societies where line of descent is traced through the female. Historically, this mother relationship determined land rights, inheritance of property, offices and titles.
The Ashanti require a bride price - various goods given by the boy's family to that of the girl. Sometimes nuptial arrangements were arranged before the birth of the couple. Parents allowed boys some initiative, but he must receive the consent of the households, the only formalities required.

12. Traditional(Spiritual and supernatural powers)
Graphic Organizer
Traditional(Spiritual and supernatural powers)
Modern (Poverty)
Ashanti
West Africa, Ghana
TWI

13. Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)
Think-Pair-Share
Why don’t the Ashanti people practice Christianity?

14. Bedouin
Bedouin, are a desert-dwelling Arab nomads, found throughout most of the desert belt extending from the Atlantic coast of the Sahara via the Western Desert, Sinai, and Negev to the Arabian Desert. Non-Arab groups as well, notably the Beja of the African coast of the Red Sea are sometimes called Bedouin.

15. Bedouin Changing ways of life
Starting in the 1950's as well as the 1960s, many Bedouins started to leave the traditional, nomadic life to settle in the cities of the Middle East. In Syria, for example, the Bedouin way of life effectively ended during a severe drought from 1958 to 1961, which forced many Bedouin to give up herding for standard jobs. Similarly, government policies in Egypt and Israel, oil production in Libya and the Persian Gulf, and a desire for improved standards of living have had the effect that most Bedouin are now settled citizens of various nations, rather than nomadic herders.

16. Sahara Desert to the Arabian Peninsula
Graphic Organizer
Sunni Islam
Modern/
Nomadic
Bedouin
Sahara Desert to the Arabian Peninsula
Arabic

17. Bantu
Bantu is the name of a large category of African languages. It also is used as a general label for over 400 ethnic groups in Sub-Saharan Africa, from Cameroon across Central Africa and Eastern Africa to Southern Africa. These peoples share a common language family sub-group, the Bantu languages, and broad ancestral culture, but Bantu languages as a whole are as diverse as Indo-European languages.
The ancestral Bantu homeland was near the southwestern modern boundary of Nigeria and Cameroon (3000 BC).
Before the expansion of farming and herding peoples Africa south of the equator was populated by neolithic hunting and foraging peoples.

18. Bantu expansion
The Bantu expansion was a millennia-long series of physical migrations, a diffusion of language and knowledge out into and in from neighboring populations, and a creation of new societal groups involving inter-marriage among communities and small groups moving to communities and small groups moving to new areas. Bantu-speakers developed novel methods of agriculture and metalworking which allowed people to colonize new areas with widely varying ecologies in greater densities than hunting and foraging permitted. Meanwhile in Eastern and Southern Africa Bantu-speakers adopted livestock husbandry from other peoples they encountered, and in turn passed it to hunter-foragers, so that herding reached the far south several centuries before Bantu-speaking migrants did. Archaeological, linguistic and genetic evidence all support the idea that the Bantu expansion was one of the most significant human migrations and cultural transformations within the past few thousand years.

20. Traditional (Ancestors)
Graphic Organizer
Traditional (Ancestors)
Modern (Poverty)
Bantu
Sub-Sahara Africa
Bantu

21. Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)
Think-Pair-Share
What would have been a cause(s) for the Bantu to move into different parts of Africa?

22. San
The Bushmen, San, Basarwa, Kung or Khwe are indigenous people of southern Africa which spans most areas of South Africa, Zimbabwe , Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Botswana, Namibia and Angola. They were traditionally hunter-gatherers.
Genetic evidence suggests they are one of the oldest, if not the oldest, peoples in the world — a "genetic Adam" according to Spencer Wells, from which all humans can ultimately trace their genetic heritage.

23. San Graphic Organizer Nomadic Traditional Khoisan languages
Southern Africa
Khoisan languages

24. Swahili
Swahili is the first language of the Swahili people, who inhabit several large stretches of the Indian Ocean coastline from southern Somalia to northern Mozambique, including the Comoros Islands. Although only 5-10 million people speak it as their native language, Swahili is the official working language of the African Union.
The language evolved through centuries of contact between Arabic-speaking traders and many different Bantu-speaking peoples inhabiting Africa's Indian Ocean coast.

25. Islam(traditional minority)
Graphic Organizer
Islam(traditional minority)
Modern
Swahili
East Africa
Swahili

26. African Trade [15c-17c]

27. African Trade Interactive notebook questions:
With whom did Africa trade?
What goods did Africa import/export?
Why do you think many African countries practiced the slave trade with each other?

28. Pre-19c European Trade with Africa

29. European Motives For Colonization European Nationalism
Source for
Raw
Materials
Missionary Activity
Industrial
Revolution
European
Motives
For Colonization
Markets for Finished Goods
Military & Naval Bases
Labor
land
New markets
For products
Transportation
links
Humanitarian
reasons
Economic
advantages

30. European Explorers in Africa
19c  Europeans Map the Interior of Africa

31. Mysteries
& Adventures

32. 1. Where Is Dr. Livingstone?
Doctor Livingstone, I Presume?
Sir Henry Morton Stanley
Dr. David Livingstone

33. European Explorations in mid-19c: “The Scramble for Africa”

34. Africa
1890

35. Africa in
1914

36. The Congo Free State or The Belgian Congo

37. Effects of European colonization-European perspective
Colonies provided Europe with strategic and military advantages
Europe received minerals and natural resources, which fed the Industrial Revolution in Europe
Many Africans converted to Christianity
Europeans had access to cheap labor
Europe developed trade relations with Africa
A few Africans were granted French citizenship
Europeans spent money to establish governments
Europeans had to fight against rebellions
Major European countries in Africa were Belgium, France, Britain, Germany, Portugal, Spain, and Italy

38. Africa Perspective of European colonization
Somewhat improved transportation & communication, health facilities, housing & education
Africans learned some things about market economics
Africans educated abroad came back and helped their countries
Europeans made trade routes between Africa & Europe
Missionaries came to Africa

39. Negative effects of European colonization of Africa-European perspective
European powers had to fight against rebellions
Colonial rule in many places, especially the Congo, was morally repugnant

40. Negative effects of European colonization-Africa’s perspective
Africans had to fight against colonial powers
Europe took good land away from Africans
Some Africans were forced into hard labor for low wages
Africans lost control of their natural resources
Many African leaders were removed from power
Africans were not prepared for independence
Africa was divided without regard to groups and cultures
Africans lost control of their traditional practices

41. Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)
3-2-1
Name three European countries involved in the colonization of Africa.
List two reasons Europeans came to Africa.
Name one continent that was also colonized by Europeans.

42. Learning Log 1. Today I learned…
On the left side of your paper, answer these questions:
1. Today I learned…
2. Which culture did you struggle with?