1. English 9 Notes Mr. Prosser
Short Story Elements
English 9 Notes
Mr. Prosser

2. SETTING ARE THESE THE SAME SETTINGS? What is the SETTING?
Where & When or Time & Place
The Setting is Winchester
In 1864
In 1205
In 1988
In 2050
ARE THESE THE SAME SETTINGS?

3. Elements of Plot- PLOT DIAGRAM
1. Exposition- (Characters & Setting)
2. Inciting Moment-(Conflict Revealed)
3. Complications-(Problems Occur)
4. Climax-(Resolved)
5. Denouement
4. Climax
3. Complications
5. Denouement
1. Exposition
2. Inciting Moment

4. Elements of Conflict Two Kinds of Conflict Four Types of Conflict
Internal- Problem is from within
External- Problem is from outside
Four Types of Conflict
Man v. Self- (Internal) Example?
Man v. Nature- (External) Example?
Man v. Man- (External) Example?
Man v. Society- (External) Example?

5. Elements of Characterization
Two ways an author can reveal what makes a character tick
Direct- author tells reader what the character is like
Ex. Marvin was a mean, cold hearted person who loved to inflict pain.
Ex. Mariah was the kindest, most beloved student in her class and would do anything to help anybody.
Indirect- the reader learns about the character through different things. The author does not tell you what the character is like.

6. INDIRECT CHARACTERIZTION
APPEARANCE-
Social Class, Wealth, Job, Home/Nationality, Hygiene
SPEECH-
Home/Nationality, Social Class, Education, Values
ACTIONS-
Inner Character (kind/mean), Trustworthy, Values
OTHERS’ ACTIONS-
Popular, Respected, Trustworthy, Scared, Smell
PRIVATE THOUGHTS-
Inner Character through their thoughts

7. Different Types of Characters
Main Characters
PROTAGONIST- action focused on them
ANTAGONIST- causes problem for the protagonist
Types of Characters
Static- does NOT change throughout the story
Dynamic- CHANGES throughout the story
Flat- basic 2-D character, know little about them
Round- a full 3-D character, we know all sides of them
Stock- pre-conceived stereotype, blonde, jock, nerd, etc.

8. Irony & Satire Irony- meaning is opposite to what is expected
Verbal Irony- “Good thinking, Einstein”
Situational Irony- All surprised at outcome “Baby Seal”
Dramatic Irony- Only characters are surprised “JAWS”
Satire-uses ridicule to bring about social reform. Author wishes to mock, expose & eliminate human stupidity & wickedness. (HUCK FINN& Slavery)

9. Point of View
1st Person- Narrator tells the story as a character; uses “I.” (No Pigs, TKAM)
Omniscient- Narrator tells the story but is NOT a character and is ALL KNOWING
3rd Person- Narrator tells the story but tells it as if he/she is a single character watching the action. The narrator is NOT all knowing and tells us from the vantage point of a single character.

10. THEME What the purpose of the story is… Definition:
Not a Moral but a feeling or a message
Why did the author write the story?
What happened to the protagonist?
Often times the author’s view of the world.
Definition:

11. OTHER ELEMENTS Foreshadowing Symbolism
A hint of what is to come later in the story
EX: Jacob in Twilight- hints that he is a wolf
Symbolism
Something stand for something other than itself
EX: Red Hat in Catcher in the Rye