1. The Age of Exploration

2. What was the Age of Exploration? Period when Europeans began to explore the rest of the world. Improvements in mapmaking, shipbuilding, rigging, and navigation made this possible. Blue water sailing, not just coastal sailing. Policy of mercantilism drives exploration.

3. What is Mercantilism? European monarchs adopt new economic policy Believed nation’s real wealth was measured in its gold and silver treasure. Therefore, nations should export more than it imports

4. Mercantilism Overseas colonies are beneficial to parent country through resources and raw materials. These could be turned into manufactured goods and sold. Imposed high tariffs on imported good. GOAL: Increase wealth

5. Why explore? 3 G’s: God, Gold, Glory Find a sea route to Asia for access to spices: flavor, medicine, and perfumes Expansion: to control a larger empire Furs: valuable in Europe Expand knowledge of the world: Overlaps Renaissance  desire to learn

6. New Technology New and improved maps Magnetic compass Caravel Astrolabe

8. The Explorers: Portugal

9. Prince Henry Discovered and claimed the Madeira and Azores Islands and seized Port of Ceuta on N. Africa Coast Believed he could convert Africans to Christianity and that Africa was a source of great riches Set up school for exploration

10. The Portuguese explored the Gold Coast Southern coast of Africa along the Atlantic = “The Gold Coast”

11. Bartolomeu Dias 1488-Sailed around Cape of Good Hope at southern tip of Africa. Found route to Indian Ocean Trade can go from Europe to Asia by sea.

12. Vasco da Gama Landed in India in 1498. Important trade route from Europe to India and East Indies. Confirms Portugal’s status as a World Power

13. Ferdinand Magellan Sets out in 1519 Goal-find way to reach Pacific Gets to South America-goes through Strait to Pacific Most want to go back-but he insists on going to East Indies Believed it to be about 3 weeks…took about 4 months- lands in Philippines where he’s killed His crew made first round-the- world voyage. (circumnavigate) Animaniacs Clip

14. The Explorers: Spain

15. Christopher Columbus

16. Believed a shorter route to Asia could be found by sailing westward instead of around Africa. Found the Caribbean Islands-aka West Indies

17. What was the Colombian Exchange? Massive exchange of plants, animals and diseases. These things moved between the New and Old Worlds. Started with Columbus. To the Americas: cows, horses, wheat, smallpox, plus much more. To Europe: potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco, corn, plus much more.

18. Two Leading Countries: Portugal and Spain 1493-After Columbus returned to Spain: King and Queen of Spain, Ferdinand and Isabella, appealed to Pope to support their claim of lands in the “New World” Pope set Line of Demarcation-divided non- European world into two zones. Both countries agreed and signed the Treaty of Tordesillas. Spain had trade and exploration rights to the West. Portugal to the East. (PEWS)

19. Spanish Win the Treaty: They get the best Of the deal

20. Vasco Nunez de Balboa 1513-went through tropical forests of Panama. 1 st explorer to see the Pacific Ocean

22. The Explorers: England, France, and Netherlands

23. English, Dutch, and French Explored the coast of North America unsuccessfully for a “Northwest Passage” or route from Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean through Artic Islands.

24. Northwest Passage

25. Cabot An Italian who sailed and claimed land in Canada for England Left Bristol on voyage with 300 men and 5 ships-1 ship made it to Ireland-the rest never returned What happened to Cabot?

26. Hudson Sailed for the Netherlands and England Made 4 voyages Sought the Northwest Passage-unsuccessful Traveled down to N.Y. Last voyage-crew mutinied and Hudson, his son, and some crew members were put in small boat and left to die Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, and Hudson River named after him

27. Cartier Sailed for France in many voyages-1 st in 1534 Left with 2 ships and 61 men Explored W. Coast of Newfoundland Discovered Prince Edward Islands Sailed through Gulf of St. Lawrence Set up base in Quebec By end of career-his reputation was tarnished

28. China Chinese under Ming dynasty sets up Trade with Portugal-later the Dutch, English, and other European countries Could only trade under imperial officials Missionaries tried to convert Chinese with little success 1793-Lord McCartney tries to get Chinese- Qing Dynasty-to open port cities in North- unsuccessful…will prove problematic later

29. Korea Restricted contacts with the outside world in the 1500s and 1600s 1590’s Japan invaded Korea and left it devastated 1636-Manchu’s from China conquered Korea and set it up as a tributary state  Run by its own govt. but forced to acknowledge China’s supremacy Korea-chose isolation-set itself up as Hermit Kingdom-excluded all foreigners except the Chinese and a few Japanese – Killed shipwrecked Europeans

30. Japan At 1 st -welcomes Westerners (Europeans) 1543-Portugese reached Japan-followed by Spanish, Dutch, and English Missionaries converted Japanese to Christianity Spain seized Philippines-Tokugawas expel foreigners and missionaries Persecute and kill thousands of converts By 1638-Tokugawas barred all European merchants and forbade Japanese to travel abroad To keep informed about world events-1-2 Dutch ships were allowed at Nagasaki harbor each year Remained isolated for over 200 years