1. Hieroglyphics:
Hieros Gluph: “Sacred Writing”  In Greek

2. Finished Project

3. Write your name
R E M E M B E R W
R I T E
U P & D O W N

4. Papyrus
Marshy grass found in the Nile delta
Transformed into paper

6. The Rosetta Stone… 2 sided Believe it was a translation tool
Greek
Hieroglyphics
Believe it was a translation tool
Carved in 196 BC
Found in 1779

7. The Indus River civilization arose in about 2500 B.C.
- Mesopotamia= 4500 B.C.
- Egypt= 3200 B.C.
Was located in modern day Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan
Guarded by mountains
Hindu Kush, Karakorum, and the Himalayas
In between the Ganges and the Indus rivers

9. Geographers refer the landmass that includes India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh as the Indian subcontinent
The Indus River flows southwest Himalayas to the Arabian Sea
The Ganges River flows eastward across northern India

10. Indus River
Ganges River

11. Seasonal winds called monsoons dominate India’s climate
Himalayas serve as protection from invaders and traps and keeps moisture
Seasonal winds called monsoons dominate India’s climate
October to February: winter monsoons from the northeast blow dry air westward across the country
June to October: the monsoons blow eastward from the southwest carrying moisture from the ocean
Different seasons= wind blows from different directions
*without the monsoons Extreme droughts and dryness

13. Like the Mesopotamians and the Egyptians, the Indus River civilization faced similar challenges:
Yearly floods
Unpredictable like Mesopotamia
Rivers sometimes changed course
The cycle of wet and dry seasons brought by monsoons effected crops

14. Historians know less about the Indus River civilizations because they have not yet translated their writing
Archaeologists found evidence that people settled in this area around 7000 B.C.
Domesticated sheep herd bones
Believe that civilizations started
in the Indus River Valley around
3200 B.C.

15. Remember a civilization has
Advanced Cities
Specialized Workers
Complex Institutions
Record Keeping
Improved Technology

16. The Largest city in the Indus Valley was Harappa.
Indus Valley civilians often referred to as the Harappan civilization
Most remarkable achievements of the Harappans were their sophisticated city planning
Cities featured a fortified area called a citadel
Contained and protected villagers’ homes
Featured the first plumbing system.

19. Language: Still not translated Culture: Lots of animal symbols
Shows that animals played a big role in their everyday life.
Religion: No temple has ever been found.
Archeologists believe it was a theocracy
Trade: Indus River provided a link to the sea
Gold and silver were found
From Afghanistan
Stones that were not native to the Indus area