1. Review

2.  Is the word group that a pronoun stands for  Example: I get worried when my employees let their hair down  Practice:  1. School psychologists note the importance for every student to express her emotions.  2. The bag of marbles will not lose itself.  3. Either Adam or Ted will get his car.  Answer:  1. Student/her  2. Marbles/itself  3. Adam –Ted/his

3.  A verb should agree in number with its subject  Example:  Some of the beads are missing.  Some of the water is gone.  Wrong: Some of the water are gone  Practice:  1. The student sing/sings  2. She and her friends is/are at the fair.  Answer:  1. Sings  2. Are

4.  Examples of Gerunds: Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. They do not appreciate my singing.  Participles: The crying baby had a wet diaper. The burning log fell off the fire.  Infinitives: To wait seemed foolish when decisive action was required. Everyone wanted to go. PPractice: Which one is it? 11. The thief arrested for the robbery shot at the security guard. 22. They are sure the extra planning will make a difference in the end. 33. The show offers everyone a chance to be a millionaire. 44. I had a disturbing dream last night. AAnswers: 11. Participle 22. Gerund 33. Infinitive 44. Participle

5.  Examples:  Appositives:  Trucks, large and small cargo carriers, come in all colors  Phrases:  The house at the end of the street is green.  The words in red form a phrase; together they act like a noun. (making it a noun phrase)  The Republicans may nominate Newt. - (verb phrase)

6.  Examples:  Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz. (Independent clause)  When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz (Dependent clause)  Which part is dependent, which is independent?  1. Because she had lost her job the woman had no money.  2. The crew could see the whale, which had surfaced only 50m behind them.

7.  Example:  Compound:  Mike wanted to play football, but Jim wanted to play baseball  Complex:  Although I like hockey, I would never play it. PPractice: 11. The students are studying because they have a test. 22. The queen bee lays the eggs, and the male bees fertilize them. 33. Should I watch T.V., or should I go watch a movie? AAnswers: 11. Complex 22. Compound 33. Compound

8.  Examples:  Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling  Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle  Practice: Wrong or right?  1. The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurate, and in a detailed manner.  Answer:  Wrong—now make it right  …quickly, accurately, and thoroughly.

9.  Examples:  Colons:  Read the following: 1984, Lord of the Flies, Tale of Two Cities, & Othello.  Dashes:  All four of them—Bob, Jeffrey, Jason, & Brett—did well in college.  Semicolons:  Call me tomorrow; I will give you my answer then.

10.  Examples:  Direct :  Sam fed the dogs.  Indirect Object  She sent him a present. PPractice: 11. David repaired his car TThe man visited the museum TThey sent him a postcard HHe bought his son a bike AAnswers: 11. DO 22. DO 33. IDO 44. IDO

11.  Examples:  In the following sentences, the predicate is enclosed in braces ({}), while the subject is highlighted.  Judy {runs}.  Judy and her dog {run on the beach every morning}.  Practice:  1. Three pelicans flew over the beach.  2. The children built a sandcastle.  Answers:  1. Three pelicans—Sub.  flew over the beach— Pred.  2. The children—Sub.  built a sandcastle— Pred.