2. Subject and Object Pronouns; Direct and Indirect Objects Gifting and Re-Gifting

3. Gift Giving Hi Bob. Happy Birthday! This gift is for you. I hope you like it. It’s for me? Oh, thank you. You shouldn’t have. Oh, it’s perfect. The colors are just right for me.

4. Re-GiftingRe-Gifting Hi Al. Happy Birthday! I have a gift for you. I hope you like it. Hey, where did you get that shirt? But I gave it to him! Well, Bob gave it to me. For me? Oh, thanks. I really like it!

5. Bob loves Linda.He Subject Pronouns A pronoun replaces a noun. A subject pronoun replaces a noun in subject position. S

6. Bob loves Linda.her. O Object Pronouns An object pronoun replaces a noun in object position.

7. Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns me you him her it us them I you he she it we they Subject and Object Pronouns

8. Example: Tom fed his baby sister. 1.Jennifer got the keys. 2. The candy is for Michael and me. 3. Hormoz and Shemi took the test. S S S  He fed her.  She got them.  It is for us.  They took it. Practice 1 Identify the subjects and objects in the sentences. Replace them with pronouns. O O O O S

10. Adverbs of Frequency Let’s begin!

11. What are frequency adverbs? Frequency adverbs are adverbs that state how often something happens or someone does something. For example, Eric often rides a bicycle. Andy goes to school by himself everyday. Next Slide

12. Table of Frequency Adverbs always100% nearly/almost always 90% usually80% very often/ frequently 70% often60% sometimes50% occasionally40% almost ever/ never 20% seldom/ almost never 10% never0% Next Slide

13. Examples of Frequency Adverbs  I always brush my teeth in the morning. (100%)  She usually arrives to work on time. (90-99%)  I visit my grandparents frequently. (75-90%)  My dog often sleeps on my bed with me. (75-90%)  Sometimes he eats eggs for breakfast. (25-50%)  I go for a walk in the park occasionally. (25-50%)  We seldom eat out. (10-25%)  My family rarely goes on vacation. (1-10%)  He never helps me clean the house. (0%) Next Slide

14. Test your knowledge on frequency adverbs. Andy is an excellent student. He _____ goes to class. 1. always 2. usually 3. sometimes 4. seldom

15. Table of Frequency Adverbs always100% nearly/almost always 90% usually80% very often/ frequently 70% often60% sometimes50% occasionally40% almost ever/ never 20% seldom/ almost never 10% never0% Go back to test

16. Try this! Eric goes to the gym only two or three times a year. He ____ goes to the gym. 1. always 2. never 3. usually 4. seldom

17. Test your knowledge again. Mike goes to the beach whenever he can. He _____ misses a chance to go to the ocean. 1. never 2. always 3. usually

18. Positions of Frequency Adverbs 1 If the sentence has only one verb in it, we usually put the adverb in the middle of the sentence, i.e. after the subject and before the verb: subjectadverbverbpredicate Andyalwaysgoesto school by car. Next Slide

19. Positions of Frequency Adverbs 2 The adverb usually comes after the verb "be": subjectverbadverbpredicate Samisfrequentlylate Next Slide

20. Positions of Frequency Adverbs 3 When using adverbs of frequency in the negative form, put the adverb before the main verb. (cf. Never, rarely, seldom and other negative sense of frequency verbs are not used in the negative form.) subjectVerb 1adverbVerb 2predicate Shedoesn’tusuallydrinkwine. Next Slide

21. Positions of Frequency Adverbs 4 Adverb SOMETIMES adverbsubjectVerb 1predicate Sometimeshegoesto church. subjectverbpredicateadverb Hegoesto churchsometimes. Next Slide

22. Exceptions: Always cannot be placed at the beginning or end of the sentence. Never, rarely, and seldom cannot go at the end of a sentence. They only can be put at the beginning of a sentence and have to be followed by the special word order. For example, Rarely had the orchestra given a worse performance. Seldom has there been a better time to discuss our differences. Next Slide

23. Let’s take a quick quiz. Read each sentence below, then decide if the [Frequency Adverb] goes “before” or “after” the verb. never BEFORE AFTER I eat green onions. always BEFORE AFTER Eric is happy when he plays with his best friend.

25. Frequency adverbs answer the question “How often”, and sometimes numbers are included. How often do you play soccer? I play twice a week. How often do you eat candies? Once a week, we eat candies.

26. Frequency adverbs usually goes on second position! – Christine smokes. (never) Christine never smokes. When sentences include verb to be, the frequency adverb goes after the «BE» verb. – Tom is very friendly. (usually) – Tom is usually very friendly.

27. For Practicing a little more http://www.englishexercises.org/mak eagame/viewgame.asp?id=6502 Learning …

28. Direct Object Bob sent roses to his mother. Direct and Indirect Objects 1 Some sentences have two objects following the verb. Indirect Object

29. Direct Object Direct and Indirect Objects 2 Direct objects answer the questions whom or what. Bob sent roses to his mother. What did Bob send? Indirect objects answer the questions to whom or to what. To whom did he send the roses? Indirect Object

30. Subject Pronouns Direct Object Pronouns Indirect Object Pronouns me you him her it us them I you he she it we they Pronouns me you him her it us them

31. Example: My friend sent us a gift in the mail. Practice 2 Identify the direct objects (DO) and (IO) indirect objects in the sentences. DOIO DOIO DOIO DO IO 1. The mother read her children a bedtime story. 2. I handed the teacher the homework. 3. My parents wrote a letter to the company.

32. IO DO Lola sent them to him. IO DO Lola sent Bob the slippers. Be Careful! If the direct object is a pronoun, the pronoun always comes before the indirect object. him them

33. Practice 3 Replace the direct and indirect objects with pronouns. Example: I sent my mother some e-mails. 1. We showed Lisa the movie. 2. My sister loaned the car to Phil and me. 3. They passed the notes to Mr. Jackson. I sent them to her. We showed it to her. My sister loaned it to us. They passed them to him.