1. The Swine Industry

2. Objectives Understand importance of the swine industry Overview of the structure of the swine industry Become familiar with terms Breeds

3. Swine Industry: Structural Overview Concentrated in the Midwest Area of major corn and soybean production Major feed ingredients- complementary of each other

4. Corn Production Primary Energy Source= Corn

5. Soybean Production Primary Protein Source= Soybean

6. Concentration in Midwest Why not expand? Environmental Issues/Concerns Why Midwest?  Large open land mass  Sparse population  Receptive to agriculture  Precedent: Feedlots

7. Vertical Integration What is vertical integration? Integrating several stages of production into single management of one organization Seedstock Farrow to Finish Packer/Processor

8. Sectors of the Swine Industry Seedstock Production  Sell breeding stock (boars and gilts)  Supply the genetic base for change  Traditional Producers: produce purebred stock for use in crossbreeding programs  Hybrid: carefully orchestrated crossbred

9. Feeder Pig Production Maintain breeding herd Product sold: feeder pigs  40 to 60 lbs.  2 months of age

10. Farrowing Process of sow/gilt giving birth Farrowing stalls:  Protect baby pig  Provide dual heat  Drip coolers for sow  Heat pads/lamps for pigs

11. Feeder Pig Production Production Factors  Reproductive Performance  Average of 2.5 litters/yr  Weaned litter size of 10-12 pigs  21 day litter weight- reflects milk production

12. Feeder Pig Production Reproductive Traits are lowly heritable  Must properly manage the environment  Minimize disease  Provide disease adequate nutrition

13. Grower-Finisher Operations Purchase Feeder Pigs Product sold: market hogs  Sold at 250 lbs  5-6 months of age Average daily Gain (ADG) 2 lbs Feed Conversion: 3 lbs of feed to 1 lb of gain

14. Grower-Finisher Operations Who’s leaner? Gilts or Barrows Who eats more feed? Gilts or Barrows Who grows faster? Gilts or Barrows Who is more efficient? Gilts or Barrows

15. Terms Gilt: Young Female Sow: Mature Female Boar pig: Young, Intact Male Boar: Mature, Intact Male Barrow: Young, Castrated Male Stag: Mature, Castrated Male

16. Terms Farrowing: Act of giving birth Weaning: Withdrawing young from mother’s milk

17. Landrace White Long Bodied Floppy Ears Mothering Ability

18. Berkshire Black with 6 white points Carcass

19. Duroc Red Floppy Ears Mothering ability Growth Rate

20. Hampshire Black with white belt Erect Ears Muscle and Carcass Leaness

21. Spotted Black and white Has Spots! Efficient Gains