1. CHAPTER 25 THE CONSERVATIVE TIDE
SECTION 1 A CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT EMERGES

2. WHY A CONSERVATIVE SWING?
The New Right
A group of conservatives who focused on social issues like opposing abortion, blocking the ERA, and evading bussing
Conservative coalition
An alliance of business leaders, middle class voters, disaffected democrats and fundamentalist Christian Groups
Moral Majority
Founded by Jerry Falwell
Consisted mostly of evangelical and fundamentalist Christians
Interpreted the Bible literally - absolute standards of right and wrong
Condemned liberal attitudes and entitlement programs

3. Conservative Policies under Reagan and Bush
Chapter 25, Section 2

4. Reaganomics Reagan won election of 1980 against Jimmy Carter
New Economic Plan – Reaganomics
Budget cuts
Tax cuts
Increased defense spending
Wanted to reduce size and influence of federal government
Encourage private investment

5. Budget Cuts Downsize federal govt through cutting out social programs
Save money
Did not effect middle class entitlement programs
Congress slashed budget of food stamps, mass transit, welfare, student loans

6. Tax Cuts Supply-side economics US Govt lowered income taxes by 25%
If people pay less in taxes, they will save money (in theory)
Banks could loan that money to businesses
Businesses are the base of prosperity
US Govt lowered income taxes by 25%
“Trickle Down” Theory – more rebates to rich - $ would trickle down

7. Increased Defense Spending
Reagan doubled the defense budget
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
Defense system to protect Americans from enemy missiles
Known as “Star Wars”
System would cost trillions of dollars

8. Recession and Recovery
Economy had sunk into recession
Worst since Great Depression
1983 – Economic upturn leads to recovery

9. National Debt Climbs Economy still had problems
Tax cuts helped the rich
Social welfare cuts hurt the poor
Federal spending was larger than income – deficit
National debt doubled during Reagan’s first term

10. Supreme Court Reagan nominated conservatives to Supreme Court
Sandra Day O’Connor
Antonin Scalia
Anthony Kennedy
Bush continued the trend
David Souter
Clarence Thomas
Scalia
Kennedy
O’Connor
Thomas
Souter

11. Supreme Court Conservative William Rehnquist was Chief Justice
Ended liberal control of the court
Restricted abortion
Restricted civil rights
Narrowed rights of accused

12. Deregulation
Deregulation – cutting back of federal regulations of industry
Reagan removed price controls on oil
Eliminated federal health and safety inspectors for nursing homes
Deregulated savings and loan industry
Increased competition and lowered prices for consumers

13. Deregulation Reagan cut the EPA’s budget
Government sold public land to private developers
Opened continental shelf to drilling
Risks?
Cut timber in national forests

14. Election of 1984 Reagan had a conservative coalition
Business – liked deregulation
Southerners – liked small fed. govt
Westerners – liked less environ. restrictions
Reagan Democrats – Dem. too liberal
1984 – Reagan/Bush v. Walter Mondale/Geraldine Ferraro
Reagan won by a landslide

15. Election of 1988
George Bush (Reagan’s VP) v. Michael Dukakis (Gov. of Mass.)
Economy was strong –no reason for change
Bush was part of moral majority
Bush – “no new taxes”
Bush ran negative ads – low voter turnout
Bush wins…53% of vote

16. Ch. 25 Sec. 3 Social Concerns 1980’s
AIDS
Drug Abuse
Abortion
Education

17. Health Issues 1980’s AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
Abortion – Roe v Wade 1973
Pro-life
Pro-choice
Webster v Reproductive Health Care Services
(States had the right to impose restrictions on abortion.)
1980’s most troubling issues was AIDs. It spread very rapidly throughout the world. Gist of AIDS is that it is a virus that destroys the immune system and makes the body prone to infections
-How is AIDS transmitted? Through bodily fluids
-Turned into an epidemic and led to concern over prevention and cure.
ABORTION:
What made ruling made abortion legal in the United States? Roe v. Wade
-Pro-life- feel that life begins at inception and no women has the right to terminate a human life
-Pro-choice-Argued that reproductive choices were personal health care matters and argued that before it was legalized many women died from having illegal abortions
-Webster v Reproductive Health Care services caused abortion laws to vary from state to state.

18. Drug Abuse War on Drugs Nancy Reagan’s anti- drug campaign
“Just Say no!” to drugs
“This is your brain on drugs.”
-Some felt they should be legalized to reduce the power of gangs
-Also the first time that treatment facilities to treat addiction really came to attention
-Nancy Reagan coined the term “just say no”

19. Education 1980’s
A Federal Commission issued a report in 1983 called A Nation at Risk
23 million Americans were unable to fill out a job application or follow an instruction manual
School Vouchers were introduced “America 2000”
-Report revealed that American students lagged behind students in most other industrialized nations
-That same commission recommended more homework, longer school days and an extended school year.
-More emphasis on the basic subjects english, math, science, social studies.
-America 2000 used public funds to send children to schools of their choice whether it was public, private or religious.

20. Urban Crisis Flight to the suburbs hurt the inner city
High Unemployment
Homelessness
Crumbling Infrastructure
Lack of health services
Deteriorating Schools
-they were moving to these suburbs because of the new homes, big lawns, shopping malls, and well equipped schools.
-Not only did many white families move, but businesses picked up and moved taking jobs and tax revenue with them
-By 1992 there were thousands in these cities were homeless
-Cities were divided into wealthy neighborhoods and poverty stricken areas

21. LA Riots 1992
Rodney King was beaten by four white police officers after a car chase
Officers were found not guilty
South Central rioted for five days, 53 killed

23. Equal Rights 1980’s ERA failed ratification in 1982
47 women were elected to the HOR in 1992
6 women in the US Senate
2 women in Reagan’s cabinet
Pay Equality was fought for by women’s organizations
-Needed ratification by 38 states and only received it from 35
-who can tell me what ratification means? making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it.
-Before the 1992 election there were only 27 women in the HOR and 2 in the Senate as well as none appointed to Reagan's cabinet
-in 1992 women earned only 75cents to every dollar a man earned
-I found this to be pretty amazing that female college graduates earned only slightly more then male HIGH SCHOOL graduates.
-first picture is Geraldine Ferrero second picture is of Elizabeth dole
Geraldine Ferrero Elizabeth Dole

24. Fight for Rights African American Mayors of many big cities
1992 L. Douglas Wilder became the Governor of VA
Jesse Jackson ran for President in 1984 and 1988
Many African Am. Also served as sheriffs, school board member, state legislators, and members of Congress
-By the mid 1980s AA were mayors of Los Angeles, Detroit, Chicago, Atlanta, New Orleans, Philadelphia, and Washington D.C.
-Wilder is the first African American Govenor

25. 1988 Lauro Cavazos was appointed Sec. of Ed.
Gains for Latinos
1988 Lauro Cavazos was appointed Sec. of Ed.
1990 Dr. Antonia Coello Novello was appointed Surgeon General
-Latinos were the fastest growing minority during the 1980’s
-Bilingual education act of 1968 enabled spanish speakers to attend school and vote in their own language
-critics thought it would slow the rate at which spanish speakers entered mainstream american life
- worried about the nation becoming split between english speakers and spanish speakers

26. Native Americans Speak Out
Aid was slashed to Native Americans for health, education and other services
Native American campaigned for gambling casinos as a source of revenue
-Native Americans were fighting for the return of the ancestral lands that had been wrongfully taken from them.
-These casinos were approved and many Native American operated casinos did provide them the additional funding they needed due to all of the aid that was slashed.

27. Asian American Population
Were the second fastest growing minority population in the US
By 1992 the Asian American Population was 8.3 million.
-Many people have cited that Asian Americans as an example of how minorities can succeed in the U.S.
-Asian American unemployment and poverty are higher then the national figures.

28. Advances in Gay Rights
In the 1980’s gay rights groups fought for civil rights
Direct Action groups called for an end to anti-gay discrimination.
By 1993, 7 states and 110 communities outlawed anti-gay discrimination
-faced a setback in the early 1980’s in regard to conservatism opposition and the AIDS crisis but by the late 1980’s gay activism was surging.

29. Ch. 25 Sec. 4 Foreign Policy After the Cold War

30. The Cold War Ends
March 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the USSR
Glasnost – “Openness”
Criticism of the USSR
Freedom of the Press
Perestrokia – Restructuring of The Soviet Economy

31. Relations with the US Summits with President Reagan
INF Treaty –Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty)
Eliminated two classes of weapon and allowed on site inspections

32. Decline of the USSR
In Dec republics declared independence from the USSR
Gorbachev lost power , the USSR ended
CIS (Common Wealth of Independent States) was established
Boris Yeltsin new leader of Russia, START II
signed

33. Collapse of Communism
Nov. 9th , 1989 East Germany opened the Berlin Wall
Oct., 1990 Germany united
Czechoslovakia divided, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania became independent
Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania transitioned from communism
Yugoslavia collapsed, igniting a brutal war among Muslims, Orthodox Serbs, and Catholic Croats

36. Tiananmen Square
Student in China demanded freedom of speech and a voice in gov.
April 1989, Students held marches in Beijing and other cities
The PLA (People's Liberation Army) under the order of
Li Peng crushed the
protestors

39. Nicaragua
US Marines left in 1933, but left a dictator, Anastasio Somoza in power
Between The Sandinistas take control
Reagan viewed the Sandinistas as a communist threat
The US supported the Contras with CIA training and weapons
The Boland Amendment banned aid to the Contras for two years

42. Grenada
In 1983 Reagan sent in 2,000 US Marines to overthrow a Pro-Cuban government and rescue US citizens
18 US solders were killed

43. Panama
In 1989 Pres. Bush sent 20,000 soldiers to overthrow and arrest General Manuel Noriega on charges of international drug-trafficking

44. Iran-Contra Scandal
In 1985 seven Americans were taken hostage in Lebanon by Pro- Iranian group
President Reagan approved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for the hostages release
National Security Council Aid Colonel Oliver North had diverted millions in profits from the arms sale to the Anti- communist Contras fighting in Nicaragua

46. The Persian Gulf War
On Aug. 2nd, Iraq led by Saddam Hussein invaded the oil rich nation of Kuwait
Saddam then looked to Saudi Arabia
Pres. Bush organized an international coalition and with the support of the UN and Congress launched Operation Desert Storm
On Jan 16th, 1991 the air war began, in February the ground war began --Led by “Stormin”Norman Schwarzkopf
Kuwait was liberated, Iraq was weakened
Less than 400 American casualties, but Gulf War Syndrome?

55. Bush’s Domestic Policies
Rising deficits
Recession –
Bush was forced to raise taxes despite pledge (read my lips…)
Approval rating dropped
Doomed for reelection