1. Contrast
Principles of Design

2. Contrast Involves using elements that are the opposite.
Contrast can add excitement to a piece and create visual interest.
Examples of contrasts can include: complementary colors, light vs. dark, large vs. small.

3. How Artists Create Contrast
Line contrasts thin/thick, different lengths, different directions, different types of lines
Shape/Form contrasts free form/geometric, different types of shapes, different sizes of shapes

4. How Artists Create Contrast
Texture contrasts smooth/rough, different types of texture, different values of texture
Color contrasts warm/cool colors, complimentary colors
Value contrasts light/dark
Size contrasts
Big vs. small

5. Practice Objective
The student will practice the five ink shading techniques on various forms using various types of ink.

7. Hatching and Cross Contour
Lines in hatching go in the same direction or are parallel
Lines do not cross over each other
Cross contour lines to help define the form of the object
Closer the lines - the darker the value
More space between the lines - the lighter the value 

8. Cross Hatching
Cross hatching like hatching except that the lines cross over each other
More the lines cross - the darker the value. 
Cross hatching can be used with straight lines or as cross contour lines to define the form of the object.

9. Random Lines
Lines going in various directions to create pen and ink drawings
By changing the frequency of the crossing of the lines - control the range of value produced
Using this method can also create a variety of different textures

10. Stippling
Stippling - adding countless dots to create the value of the drawing
Higher the concentration of dots - the darker the value; More space between the dots - the lighter the value
Stippling is time consuming - it allows the artist to have complete control over the value, which can produce highly realistic results.

11. Project Objective
The student will learn how the process of stippling, hatching, cross-hatching, cross contour and random lines and choose one technique to create the illusion of value in an artwork.  The student will also have to solve the problem of combining two images in a creative manner.   

12. Project Criteria
Must choose two photos or visual ideas to use as inspiration for this project
Draw the images lightly together
Use pen and one of the ink techniques to add value to the objects
Create a strong contrast in different areas of the final composition