1. Note Card # Front Back
1607
Jamestown,
first English colony

2. Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
Note Card #2 Front Back
New England Colonies
Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

3. Note Card #3 Front Back
New England: Economy
Fish, relied on trade rather than farming because of cool temperatures, short farming season

4. Note Card #4 Front Back New England: Politics
Mayflower Compact (doc) – 1620 Pilgrims, self-governing, and majority rule
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut-
1st written Constitution in the colonies

5. Note Card #5 Front Back New England: Social
People seeking religious freedom, Pilgrims – Separate from Church of England, Puritans – Purify Church of England

6. Note Card #6 Front Back Middle Colonies
New York
Pennsylvania
Delaware
New Jersey

7. Trade, and mainly wheat farming
Note Card #7 Front Back
Middle Colonies:
Economic
Trade, and mainly wheat farming

8. Elected Assemblies / Legislatures
Note Card #8 Front Back
Middle Colonies:
Political
Elected Assemblies / Legislatures

9. Very diverse groups of people Religious freedom,
Note Card #9 Front Back
Middle Colonies:
Social
Very diverse groups of people Religious freedom,
Quakers
(pacifists, no-war)

10. Note Card #10 Front Back Southern Colonies
Georgia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Virginia
Maryland

11. Note Card #11 Front Back Southern Colonies
Jamestown, VA – swampy location, caused many colonists to die because of disease,
1st English colony

12. Note Card #12 Front Back
Southern Colonies:
Economic
Plantation system, growth of slave trade, spread slavery, profit on tobacco

13. Note Card #13 Front Back
Southern Colonies:
Political
Virginia House of Burgesses – 1st representative government/ legislature in the colonies

14. Note Card #14 Front Back
Southern Colonies:
Social
Wealthy Plantation owners, large slave population-
Primary goal – money making

15. Note Card #15 Front Back Colonial Borders
Atlantic Ocean borders colonies to the east
Appalachian Mountains border colonies to the west

16. Colonies could only trade with the British
Note Card #16 Front Back
Mercantilism
Colonies provide Great Britain with raw materials, Great Britain would manufacture the products to ship back to the colonies for sale
Colonies could only trade with the British

17. Limited the power of the king
Note Card # 17 Front Back
Magna Carta
(1215)
Trial by jury
Limited the power of the king

18. Individuals have rights protected by the government
Note Card # 18 Front Back
English Bill of Rights
Individuals have rights protected by the government
(Rule of Law)

19. French and Indian War (1763)
Note Card #19 Front Back
French and Indian War (1763)
British & Colonists versus French & Indians, British won the war – gained all land East of Miss. River and started controlling the colonies

20. Note Card #20 Front Back
Economic Policies following French & Indian War
Cost British money & government went into debt.
The British wanted the Americans to pay for the war through taxes.

21. Note Card #21 Front Back Proclamation of 1763
Colonists could not move west of the Appalachian Mountains
(Territory Reserved for Native Americans)

22. Taxes on food containing sugar
Note Card #22 Front Back
Sugar Act of 1764
Taxes on food containing sugar

23. 5 colonists shot to death after making fun of British soldiers
Note Card #23 Front Back
Boston Massacre of 1770
5 colonists shot to death after making fun of British soldiers

24. Founder of the Sons of Liberty, organized the Boston Tea Party
Note Card #24 Front Back
Samuel Adams
Founder of the Sons of Liberty, organized the Boston Tea Party

25. Note Card #25 Front Back Benjamin Franklin
Developed Join or Die political cartoon to unite the colonies under the Albany Plan, negotiated with French during American Revolution

26. Note Card #26 Front Back Albany Plan of Union
Each colony would send a representative to a Grand Council; First attempt to unite the colonies under one government

27. Note Card #27 Front Back King George III
King of England before, during, and after American Revolution, oppressed the colonies

28. Wrote Declaration of Independence in 1776
Note Card #28 Front Back
Thomas Jefferson
Wrote Declaration of Independence in 1776

29. Note Card #29 Front Back Patrick Henry
“Give me liberty or give me death” influential speech to rally American colonists to the cause of independence from Britain

30. Note Card #30 Front Back Thomas Paine
Wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (doc), ordinary people understood writing, promoted independence movement from Great Britain, attacked King George III, freedom of the press united colonists

31. Note Card #31 Front Back George Washington
Commander-in-Chief for the Continental Army during American Revolution, President of 2nd Continental Congress, 1st President of the United States

32. Articles of the Confederation
Note Card #32 Front Back
Articles of the Confederation
Created to center governmental power in the STATES rather than the FEDERAL government

33. Note Card #33 Front Back Northwest Ordinance 1787
Established principles and procedures for orderly expansion of the U.S., creation of new states, new states equally treated compared to original states (representation), strength of the Articles of the Confederation

34. Lexington and Concord (1775)
Note Card #34 Front Back
Lexington and Concord (1775)
First battles of the American Revolution, “shot heard around the world”

35. Note Card #35 Front Back Battle of Saratoga
* French enter the American Revolution on the side of the colonists
* Benjamin Franklin convinces French to become America’s ally
*Turning Point!

36. Note Card #36 Front Back
Battle of
Yorktown
Last major battle with British in American Revolution, Americans won with aid of French army/navy

37. Note Card #37 Front Back * Ended the American Revolution
Treaty of Paris
1783
* Ended the American Revolution
* British recognized U.S. independence
* U.S. western border is now the Mississippi River

38. Philadelphia Convention of 1787
Note Card #38 Front Back
Philadelphia Convention of 1787
Came together to rewrite the Articles of Confederation but wrote the Constitution instead.

39. Note Card # 39 Front Back Virginia Plan
Large states would receive more representatives than small states – based on pop.
Virginia Plan

40. Note Card # 40 Front Back
New Jersey Plan
Small states would receive same reps as large states – based on two reps per state

41. Note Card # 41 Front Back
Great Compromise
Bicameral ( two house) legislature, combined VA and NJ Plan, Senate based on 2 per state, House of Rep. based on pop.

42. Note Card #42 Front Back
Federalist
They wanted the Constitution to be ratified (approved). They wanted the country and states to share power.

43. Note Card #43 Front Back Anti-Federalists
Did not support ratification of U.S. Constitution, if Bill of Rights not included, emphasized state power rather than federal power

44. Note Card #44 Front Back Federalist Papers (doc.)
Supported ratification of U.S. Constitution, authors- Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay

45. Note Card #45 Front Back Alexander Hamilton
Believed in free enterprise system – market (consumers) decide prices, proposed national bank to regulate currency (money)

46. Second Continental Congress writes the U.S. Constitution
Note Card #46 Front Back
1787
Second Continental Congress writes the U.S. Constitution

47. Note Card #47 Front Back U.S. Constitution
Three Branches of Government and established the basic laws for the U.S.

48. Note Card #48 Front Back Legislative
1st Branch:
Legislative
Congress, Bicameral (2 houses- House of Representatives & Senate), makes laws

49. Each state elects 2 Senators,
Note Card #49 Front Back
(Legislative)
Senate
Each state elects 2 Senators,
total = 100

50. House of Representatives
Note Card #50 Front Back
(Legislative)
House of Representatives
Reps decided by population of state, large states receive more reps than small states,
Total = 435

51. Note Card #51 Front Back 2nd Branch: Judicial (Judiciary)
Supreme Court,
Interprets laws

52. Note Card #52 Front Back 3rd Branch: Executive President,
Vice President
Enforces laws

53. Note Card #53 Front Back 3/5 Compromise
Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for representative purpose – compromise between the North and South

54. Note Card #54 Front Back Limited Government
Government does not have total control over its citizens; It only has the power that is listed in the Constitution

55. Election of representatives
Note Card #55 Front Back
Republicanism
Election of representatives

56. Note Card #56 Front Back Checks and Balances
Each branch of government has the power to check the other branches; ex. President (executive branch) nominates Supreme Court Justices and the Senate (legislative branch) confirms nomination

57. Note Card #57 Front Back Federalism (Shared Power)
Power of the government is shared between the states and the national government.

58. Each of the 3 branches of government have different responsibilities
Note Card #58 Front Back
Separation of
Powers
Each of the 3 branches of government have different responsibilities

59. People hold final authority over the government
Note Card #59 Front Back
Popular Sovereignty
People hold final authority over the government

60. Job of the government to protect rights of citizens
Note Card #60 Front Back
Individual
Rights
Job of the government to protect rights of citizens

61. Note Card #61 Front Back Unalienable Rights
LIFE, LIBERTY, & PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS – cannot be taken away by the government

62. Amending (adding to) the Constitution
Note Card #62 Front Back
Amending (adding to) the Constitution
Proposed by Congress with 2/3 vote in both Senate & House of Representatives or ratified by legislatures of ¾ of the states

63. Note Card #63 Front Back Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments to the Constitution; formal list of citizens’ rights and freedoms

64. Freedom of religion, press, petition, and speech and assembly
Note Card #64 Front Back
Bill of Rights
1st Amendment
Freedom of religion, press, petition, and speech and assembly

65. Note Card #65 Front Back Bill of Rights 2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
(right to own a gun)

66. No quartering (housing) of troops
Note Card #66 Front Back
Bill of Rights
3rd Amendment
No quartering (housing) of troops

67. No illegal search and seizure, must obtain warrant
Note Card #67 Front Back
Bill of Rights
4th Amendment
No illegal search and seizure, must obtain warrant

68. Note Card #68 Front Back Bill of Rights 5th Amendment
Due process of law – indictment (officially charged w/crime), no double jeopardy (cannot be charged for the same crime twice) cannot be forced to testify when testimony incriminates self (no telling on yourself if it gets you in trouble)

69. Trial by jury - criminal
Note Card #69 Front Back
Bill of Rights
6th Amendment
Trial by jury - criminal

70. Trial by jury - civil ( involving money rather than jail)
Note Card #70 Front Back
Bill of Rights
7th Amendment
Trial by jury - civil ( involving money rather than jail)

71. No cruel and unusual punishment; no excessive bail
Note Card #71 Front Back
Bill of Rights
8th Amendment
No cruel and unusual punishment; no excessive bail

72. People have other rights not listed in the Constitution
Note Card #72 Front Back
Bill of Rights
9th Amendment
People have other rights not listed in the Constitution

73. States have rights not listed in the Constitution
Note Card #73 Front Back
Bill of Rights
10th Amendment
States have rights not listed in the Constitution

74. Washington through Monroe
Note Card #74 Front Back
Early Republic
Washington through Monroe

75. Democratic-Republicans Federal government power State government power
Note Card #75 Front Back
Federalists
vs.
Democratic-Republicans
Federal government power
vs.
State government power

76. Washington’s Farewell Address
Note Card #76 Front Back
Washington’s Farewell Address
Foreign alliances and political parties are a threat and should be avoided

77. Note Card #77 Front Back Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Doubled the size of the U.S., access to Mississippi River (New Orleans-port city), increase in trade & communications

78. Note Card #78 Front Back Marbury vs. Madison (1803)
Established judicial review, Supreme Court can decide if law is constitutional or not, checks and balances

79. Note Card #79 Front Back War of 1812 (Causes) Great Britain vs. U.S.;
British impressments (kidnapping) U.S. sailors;
British guns still in Ohio River Valley
Another war for independence

80. Note Card #80 Front Back War of 1812 (Effects)
War was a draw until Battle of New Orleans – Gen. Andrew Jackson
defeated British –
created a sense of nationalism;
British removed guns from U.S. soil and stopped kidnapping sailors

81. Note Card #81 Front Back Monroe Doctrine 1823
Pres. James Monroe implemented policy, * U.S. would not allow new European Colonization of the Western hemisphere
First time a president’s foreign policy involved warning other countries

82. Note Card #82 Front Back Industrialization
Led to an increased dependence on slavery in the South
& an increase of production in the North
Caused Sectionalism to increase

83. Led to efficient production (faster/cheaper way to produce products)
Note Card #83 Front Back
Inventions
Led to efficient production
(faster/cheaper way to produce products)

84. * Caused the demand for slavery to rise
Note Card #84 Front Back
Eli Whitney
* Invented cotton gin, & interchangeable parts; cotton became main crop of South
* Caused the demand for slavery to rise

85. Note Card #85 Front Back Interchangeable Parts
Increase in efficiency for replacing machine parts

86. Increase agricultural (farming) production
Note Card #86 Front Back
McCormick Reaper
Increase agricultural (farming) production

87. Steamboat, used w/canal and river trade
Note Card #87 Front Back
Robert Fulton
Steamboat, used w/canal and river trade

88. Increase in communication with the telegraph
Note Card #88 Front Back
Samuel Morse
Increase in communication with the telegraph

89. Note Card #89 Front Back Lowell Mills
Mostly single women worked in first factories, lived and worked on site of factory, usually textile mills (clothing)

90. Employed mostly immigrants (Irish) rather than single women
Note Card #90 Front Back
Factories in mid-1800’s
Employed mostly immigrants (Irish) rather than single women