1. MERCANTILISM & THE CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION America’s History Ch. 5

2. - AUTHOR - PLACE & TIME - PRIOR KNOWLEDGE - AUDIENCE - REASON - THE MAIN IDEA - SIGNIFICANCE

3. I. Mercantilism – a nation’s power depends on its wealth I. Mercantilism – a nation’s power depends on its wealth More exports than imports More exports than imports Colonies produce agricultural goods & raw materials & buy manufactures Colonies produce agricultural goods & raw materials & buy manufactures GB pursued policies that subsidized (funding) & charters to stimulate manufacturing & foreign trade GB pursued policies that subsidized (funding) & charters to stimulate manufacturing & foreign trade Ex: East India Tea Company; Royal African Company Ex: East India Tea Company; Royal African Company Lords of Trade (1621) created to promote colonial trade & plantations Lords of Trade (1621) created to promote colonial trade & plantations 1624, makes Virginia a Royal Colony 1624, makes Virginia a Royal Colony 1686, approves the Dominion of New England 1686, approves the Dominion of New England

4. II. Navigation Acts II. Navigation Acts 1651 –Prevented French & Dutch from using American Ports 1651 –Prevented French & Dutch from using American Ports Ships had to be owned by GB or American colonial merchants Ships had to be owned by GB or American colonial merchants 1660 –Colonists export sugar & molasses only to GB 1660 –Colonists export sugar & molasses only to GB 1663 –All imports to the colonies must pass through GB first 1663 –All imports to the colonies must pass through GB first Vice-Admiralty Courts established to punish violators Vice-Admiralty Courts established to punish violators Seldom enforced in the colonies Seldom enforced in the colonies

5. Naval Warfare Naval Warfare Attacked Dutch ships & forts in West Africa Attacked Dutch ships & forts in West Africa 1664 –drove Dutch out of New Amsterdam 1664 –drove Dutch out of New Amsterdam Rise of Merchant Shipping Rise of Merchant Shipping The amount of tonnage shipped b/w the colonies & GB double b/w 1640 - 1690 The amount of tonnage shipped b/w the colonies & GB double b/w 1640 - 1690

6. AP PARTS By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard round the world. By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard round the world. The foe long since in silence slept; Alike the conqueror silent sleeps; And Time the ruined bridge has swept Down the dark stream which seaward creeps. The foe long since in silence slept; Alike the conqueror silent sleeps; And Time the ruined bridge has swept Down the dark stream which seaward creeps. On this green bank, by this soft stream, We set to-day a votive stone; That memory may their deed redeem, When, like our sires, our sons are gone. On this green bank, by this soft stream, We set to-day a votive stone; That memory may their deed redeem, When, like our sires, our sons are gone. Spirit, that made those heroes dare To die, and leave their children free, Bid Time and Nature gently spare The shaft we raise to them and thee. Spirit, that made those heroes dare To die, and leave their children free, Bid Time and Nature gently spare The shaft we raise to them and thee.

7. EFFECTS OF THE F&I WAR IV. Salutary Neglect ends -1763 IV. Salutary Neglect ends -1763 replaced by imperial administration replaced by imperial administration More than 10,000 troops left in the colonies after F&I war More than 10,000 troops left in the colonies after F&I war ‘To secure the dependence of the colonies on GB’ ‘To secure the dependence of the colonies on GB’ GB comes to terms with the fact that Royal governors often had less power than colonial assemblies GB comes to terms with the fact that Royal governors often had less power than colonial assemblies many assemblies paid the governor’s salary many assemblies paid the governor’s salary Assemblies often decided whether or not to call out the militia Assemblies often decided whether or not to call out the militia Bureaucracy doubles (to administer new empire) Bureaucracy doubles (to administer new empire) GB debt climbs from 75 million to 133 million GB debt climbs from 75 million to 133 million Debt is 60% of national budget Debt is 60% of national budget

8. V. Legislation Revenue Act, 1762 –enforces trade duties Revenue Act, 1762 –enforces trade duties Currency Act, 1764 Currency Act, 1764 Paper money no longer legal tender; only gold or silver accepted Paper money no longer legal tender; only gold or silver accepted Sugar Act, 1764 Sugar Act, 1764 Customs duty added to French molasses Customs duty added to French molasses Custom enforcement tightened Custom enforcement tightened Vice-admiralty courts in the colonies for smugglers –no jury trials Vice-admiralty courts in the colonies for smugglers –no jury trials

9. VI. COLONIAL REACTION TO UNJUST AUTHORITY (SCOTS-IRISH) Regulator Movement, 1766-1771 Regulator Movement, 1766-1771 NC farmers in debt due to falling Tobacco prices NC farmers in debt due to falling Tobacco prices Merchants & other creditors used courts to confiscate property Merchants & other creditors used courts to confiscate property Mobs of farmers attacked judges, closed courts Mobs of farmers attacked judges, closed courts Asked for lower property taxes Asked for lower property taxes Gov. Tryon refused; Used eastern NC militia & British soldiers to defeat Regulators Gov. Tryon refused; Used eastern NC militia & British soldiers to defeat Regulators Paxton Boys,1763 Non-Quakers want Natives expelled, Quaker controlled gov’t refuses Western PA farmers attack peaceful Conestoga tribe & march towards Philadelphia declaring to burn it Ben Franklin negotiates truce Failed to be brought to justice due to lack of witness

10. VII.Political Factions VII.Political Factions Tories –Typically members of the House of Lords Tories –Typically members of the House of Lords Pro-Empire; expansion of government Pro-Empire; expansion of government Whigs –Typically members of the House of Commons Whigs –Typically members of the House of Commons Republican ideals; sympathy w/Commonwealth, Puritan gov’t (Oliver Cromwell) Republican ideals; sympathy w/Commonwealth, Puritan gov’t (Oliver Cromwell) Anti-empire (too expensive) Anti-empire (too expensive) *Typically the faction out of power *Typically the faction out of power

11. THE BEGINNING OF THE END VIII.Stamp Act, 1765 -tax on printed items (documents, newspapers, cards) VIII.Stamp Act, 1765 -tax on printed items (documents, newspapers, cards) Purpose Purpose To raise $ to support the army in the Americas To raise $ to support the army in the Americas Similar to one in England Similar to one in England Lack of Success Lack of Success The Mob; urban resistance The Mob; urban resistance Boycott –Sons & Daughters of Liberty Boycott –Sons & Daughters of Liberty Stamp Act Congress, NYC, 1765 Stamp Act Congress, NYC, 1765 Letter of grievances Letter of grievances Eventually Repealed Eventually Repealed

12. IX. ‘No taxation, without representation’ IX. ‘No taxation, without representation’ Declaratory Act, 1766 –Parliament has the authority to pass any law of regulation on trade on the colonies Declaratory Act, 1766 –Parliament has the authority to pass any law of regulation on trade on the colonies Townshend Acts, 1766 Townshend Acts, 1766 Tax paper, paint, tea, glass Tax paper, paint, tea, glass Restraining Act –limited colonial legislatures Restraining Act –limited colonial legislatures Purpose Purpose Pay the salaries of royal officials in the colonies (governors, no longer controlled by colonial legislatures Pay the salaries of royal officials in the colonies (governors, no longer controlled by colonial legislatures Resistance Resistance Raised revenue, instead of regulated trade Raised revenue, instead of regulated trade Colonists argued that taxing to raise revenue, should only be done if the people are represented in the decision Colonists argued that taxing to raise revenue, should only be done if the people are represented in the decision Boycott hurt British merchants Boycott hurt British merchants Boston Massacre, 1770 Boston Massacre, 1770 –repealed in 1770, except tea tax –repealed in 1770, except tea tax

13. X. From Englishmen to Americans (1770 – 1775) X. From Englishmen to Americans (1770 – 1775) Committees of Correspondence, 1772 Committees of Correspondence, 1772 ‘to state the rights of English men’ ‘to state the rights of English men’ Organizer Samuel Adams (Boston chapter, led to 80 more in MA w/in a year – spread to SC within a year) Organizer Samuel Adams (Boston chapter, led to 80 more in MA w/in a year – spread to SC within a year) Attack of the Gaspee, 1772 – British Customs ship destroyed off the coast of RI Attack of the Gaspee, 1772 – British Customs ship destroyed off the coast of RI Tea Act, 1773 Tea Act, 1773 East India Tea Co. gets a monopoly of tea East India Tea Co. gets a monopoly of tea Lowers prices –makes ‘English’ tea cheap, even w/ new tax Lowers prices –makes ‘English’ tea cheap, even w/ new tax Boston Tea Party, 1773 Boston Tea Party, 1773 Coercive (Intolerable) Acts, 1774 Coercive (Intolerable) Acts, 1774 Boston Port Bill Boston Port Bill Quartering Act Quartering Act Justice Act Justice Act Quebec Act* Catholicism allowed in former French territory Quebec Act* Catholicism allowed in former French territory 1 st Continental Congress, 1774 1 st Continental Congress, 1774 12 colonies 12 colonies Asked for redress & removal of Coercive Acts Asked for redress & removal of Coercive Acts King George III unresponsive King George III unresponsive

14. Battle of Lexington & Concord, April 1775 Battle of Lexington & Concord, April 1775 Rural farmers come to support the cause later Rural farmers come to support the cause later Begin hiding guns, powder from British troops Begin hiding guns, powder from British troops Train ‘minutemen’ Train ‘minutemen’ 2 nd Continental Congress 2 nd Continental Congress Olive Branch Petition, Summer 1775 Olive Branch Petition, Summer 1775 Attempt to make peace after the hostilities Attempt to make peace after the hostilities George III refuses to read document George III refuses to read document By July 1776 produces the Declaration of Independence By July 1776 produces the Declaration of Independence