1. Key Technologies for UAV Interoperability 41 st Annual NDIA Symposium Presented by: Dave Buis The Boeing Company 19 November 2003

2. 2 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis Agenda What is Interoperability UAV Roles and Missions UAV Interoperability in a System of Systems Interoperability Technologies – Mission Management – Communications – Processing Architecture / Infrastructure – Human Systems Interface – Cooperative Adaptive Autonomy Civil and Commercial Operations in the NAS Summary

3. 3 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis What is Interoperability? Vitale Garber, Interoperability OSD, NDIA, Systems Engineering Conference, October, 2002

4. 4 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis Manned Aircraft ASW Stand-Out AEA CAS Air Combat Strike High Value Strike Deep Strike Armed Recce Penetrating ISR Directed Energy Lethal SEAD Reactive SEAD BDA AEW Comm Relay Non- Pene ISR Information Operations Stand-In AEA TAC Recce Non-Lethal SEAD ASuW High Low High Mission Complexity Likelihood of Encounter - Lethal / Integrated Threat Cruise Missiles Current UAVs UAV’s In Development Mission Complexity: Low:Preplanned and/or simple operator interaction, readily pre-programmable Medium:Frequent near-real time decisions, compatible with machine decision logic High:Numerous complex, real-time decisions / reactions by operator. Highly situation dependent Military Roles & Missions for Unmanned Systems Will Continue to Expand Future UAV Potenial Manned, Unmanned, or Combined Options Available to Field Commanders

5. 5 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis Mission Complexity: Low - Preplanned and/or simple operator interaction, readily pre-programmable Medium -Frequent near-real time decisions, compatible with machine decision logic High - Numerous complex, real-time decisions / reactions by operator. Highly situation dependent Manned Aircraft Safety Complexity Roles and Missions for Unmanned Systems will Expand into Civil and Commercial Applications Manned, Unmanned, or Combined Options Available to Customers GP30110038.ppt High Low High Mission Complexity Fire Fighting Border & Drug Traffic Patrol Search & Rescue National Automated Vehicle Highway PAV Passenger Transport Cargo Transport Illegal Activity Monitoring Infrastructure & Agriculture Inspections Autonomous Construction Atmospheric, Geological, Volcanic, Oceanic Monitoring Riot Control Investigative Journalism of Remote/Forbidden Areas Satellite Repair Comm Relay Interior Inspection of Pipelines Automated Distribution Warehouse Crime Scene Investigation Traffic Monitoring Resource Exploration Infrastructure Repair Emergency Response Fertilizer, Pesticide, Fire Retardant Application

6. 6 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis An Unmanned System is a Network-Enabled System Key issues: Mission management architecture with cooperative, adaptive, autonomy Communications (connectivity, bandwidth)

7. 7 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis UAVs Must be Fully Integrated Into Network Centric Operations Key considerations: Level of integrated operations - Manned / unmanned interoperability Interoperable / Integrated Operating Environment UAV Mission Management NAVY Link-16

8. 8 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis Elements of a Mission Management Architecture Inputs Outputs Mission Management Architecture Is Central to Interoperability

9. 9 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis Mission Management Elements Reside in Both MCS & UAV Stores Sensors Command Control Command Control Signal / Data Processing (e.g., Sensor Fusion, Automatic Target Cueing) Signal / Data Processing (e.g., Sensor Fusion, Automatic Target Cueing) Contingency Management Contingency Management Decision Aiding (Multi Level Autonomy) Decision Aiding (Multi Level Autonomy) Bandwidth Efficient Communication Bandwidth Efficient Communication Integrated Vehicle Health Management Integrated Vehicle Health Management Decision Aiding (Multi Level Autonomy) Decision Aiding (Multi Level Autonomy) Distributed Data Services Distributed Data Services Mission Management Mission Management Human System Interface Human System Interface Bandwidth Efficient Communication Bandwidth Efficient Communication CAOC & External I/F CAOC & External I/F Air Vehicle MCS Contingency Management Contingency Management Contingency Management Contingency Management Decision Aiding (Multi Level Autonomy) Decision Aiding (Multi Level Autonomy) Bandwidth Efficient Communication Bandwidth Efficient Communication Decision Aiding (Multi Level Autonomy) Decision Aiding (Multi Level Autonomy) Human System Interface Human System Interface Bandwidth Efficient Communication Bandwidth Efficient Communication Contingency Management Contingency Management

10. 10 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis Space Air Terrestrial Information Grid Enables Data Sharing Across a Flexible Robust Network Information Grid Enables Data Sharing Across a Flexible Robust Network Network Centric Architecture Addressable Nodes at sensor level Dynamic & Redundant Routing

11. 11 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis GP24197022.ppt Intel Broadcasts ATOs/DynamicRetasking NTM Systems LOS Data Link Reachback to CONUS UAV MMA, E2-C, Joint STARS, Rivet Joint, etc. MMA, E2-C, Joint STARS, Rivet Joint, etc. MILSTAR, Gapfiller/ Commercial Ku MILSTAR, Gapfiller/ Commercial Ku Theater ROE and Guidance SAR MCS CVBG ESM Strike Package EO GMTI LOS Data Link (Link-16, TCDL, MADL) LOS Data Link (Link-16, TCDL, MADL) Link-16 Interoperability Considerations: Established Ops Procedures (CONOPS) On-Board Processing (sharing Info vs Data) Competition for Spectrum Bandwidth Number of Channels (Availability) System interfaces Probability of Detection, Intercept, Jamming Encryption Support Communications Integration - Digital Network of Diverse Platforms

12. 12 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis Adaptable Human System Interface Provides Mission Commander the right information to predict and anticipate Vehicle situation /location Target / threat environment Reconfigurable displays for various vehicles and missions Multiple vehicle control with single operator User-Friendly HSI Provides Command & Control for Mixed Operations

13. 13 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis Vehicle Mgmt System Vehicle Control Trajectory Mgmt Flight Control Mission Planning Mission Mgmt System Mission Monitoring Decision Aiding Collision Avoidance Situational Awareness Data Mining/Sensor Mgmt Mission Health Contingency Mgmt Communications with Manned Airspace/Controller System of Systems Integration w/Multiple Mission Control Systems Cooperative Autonomous Multi-Platform Mission Control Dynamic Re-Planning Multi-Vehicle Health Formation Flight Multi-Agent Collaboration Mixed Initiative Behaviors Autonomous Vehicles Mission Adaptive Autonomous Vehicles Cooperative Mission Adaptive Autonomous Vehicles Cooperative Mission Adaptive Autonomous Systems Enables Higher Level Decision Making & Mission Management Cooperative Mission Adaptive Autonomous Systems Enables Higher Level Decision Making & Mission Management Autonomous Systems Technologies are Critical for Interoperability

14. 14 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis Ops in the NAS End State Capabilities Fully Integrated into Class A Airspace FL180 C, D, E Airspace C, D, E Airspace ARTCC ATC Commands Airspeed Route of Flight Command & Control (LOS, BLOS) C2 “Hand-Off” Near Real Time Weather Information @ Control Station Autonomous Conflict Avoidance with Cooperating & Non-Cooperating A/C Weather Sensing Air Vehicle Auto-Land Enhancements (Including Security) Surface Operations C, D, E Airspace

15. 15 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis UNITE / Access 5 Routine Operations Above FL 400 Through Restricted Airspace Routine Operations Above FL 180 Through Restricted Airspace Routine Operations Above FL 180 Through C, D, E Airspace Emergency to ROA Airport Experimental Certification Standard Certificate of Airworthiness Establish Type Certification Basis Special Airworthiness Certification STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 Achieve Routine, Safe and Reliable Access in the NAS for HALE UAV Steps 1&2 currently funded

16. 16 19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis Summary Interoperability of diverse systems is critical to UAV future – Expanding roles for military applications – Civil and commercial applications – Mixed operations with manned aircraft Technologies required for interoperability – Robust and secure communications via multiple links – Key Network Centric System Interface Standards – Adaptable cooperative autonomy for command & control of vehicle and sensors – Adaptable User-friendly Human Systems Interface Regulatory and policy issues must be addressed to enable UAV’s to operate in the NAS