1. The Grid the united computing power Jian He Amit Karnik

2. Outline History and vision Motivation Application scenarios Architecture Challenges Approaches –Language-related –Object-based –Toolkit: Globus Future directions References

3. History and Vision From http://dast.nlanr.net/Articles/GridandGlobus/Grids.html History – Late 1980s, “metacomputing” was coined. – Early 1990s, “Gigabit Testbeds”, from bandwidth- oriented to application-oriented. – 1995, “network computing” at SC95 – 1998, NCSA, NSF, NASA, DOE, Al Gore … Vision (analogy to “Electric Power Grid”) – Dependable: performance guarantees. – Consistent: uniform interfaces. – Pervasive: “plug-in” from everywhere.

4. Motivation Resource sharing – Episodic – Low utilization Coordinated PSEs Emerging tools and techniques From http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~cs5204

5. Application Scenarios Distributed supercomputing High-throughput computing On-demand computing Data-intensive computing Collaborative computing Grid: high-performance sharing computational power Web: sharing documents

6. Application Scenarios (cont.) High-throughput computing “A computing environment that delivers large amounts of computational power over a long period of time.” (example: NEOS & Condor) Internet Client NEOS Server Submit jobs Return results NEOS Solver library Condor GW matchmaker scheduler monitor protector UNIX COW

7. Architecture From http://www.cs.utk.edu/~dongarra/WEB-PAGES/SPRING-2001/lect-grid.pdf

8. Challenges The nature of applications Programming models and tools System architecture Problem-solving methods Resource management Security End systems Instrumentation and performance analysis Network protocols and infrastructure

9. Approaches Languages, compilers and libraries –MPICH-G2 (a grid-enabled MPI - message passing interface) Object-based approaches –Legion –Commodity Computing (Three-tier, CORBA, Java/Jini) Toolkit –Application-specified toolkit (NetSolve) –Service-oriented toolkit (Globus)

10. Approaches (cont.) Language-related: MPICH-G2=Globus services + MPI (message passing interface) –Distributed memory message passing –Portability –Heterogeneity Communication Network M PP M P M Application MPI IBM SP2 Cray T3D/E SUN. FORTRAN or C

11. Approaches (cont.) Everything is an object Classes manages their instances Users can provide their own classes Core objects implement common services Object-based: Legion - Architecture & object model From http://legion.virginia.edu/

12. Approaches (cont.) Object-based: Commodity computing Example: CORBA fits within the Grid Architecture From http://phase.hpcc.jp/mirrors/globus/cog/documentation/papers/corba-cog.pdf

13. Approaches (cont.) Application-specified toolkit: NetSolve CFortran MatlabCustom PSEs and Applications Globus proxy NinfLegion Ninf proxy Legion proxy NetSolve proxy Middleware Resource Discovery System Management Resource Scheduling Fault Tolerance From http://www.cs.utk.edu/netsolve Metacomputing resources

14. References Book I. Foster and C. Kesselman, “The Grid: Blueprint for a New Comuputing Infrastructure”, Morgan Kaufmann, 1999. Papers Michael C. Ferris, Michael P. Mesnier, Jorge J. More, “NEOS and Condor: Solving optimization problems over the Internet”, April, 1998 David Henty, “The Grid - A Critical Review of Current Status and Future Directions in Grid Technology”, Oct., 2000 http://www.epcc.ed.ac.uk/DIRECT/grid.pdf.