2. 18.2The Spanish-American War (1898) IDENTIFY: The causes and key events of the war UNDERSTAND: How the US acquired Spanish colonies.

4. WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR? Jose Martí leading fight for Cuban independence from Spain Spanish General Valeriano Weyler cracks down on Cuba, creates “concentration camps,” thousands die of hunger & disease Hearst and Pulitzer’s US papers fuel war fever with orange journalism De Lome Letter: criticizes Pres. McKinley The explosion of the USS Maine Feb. 15, 1898 Hearst and Pulitzer’s US papers fuel war fever with yellow journalism

5. USS Maine before… http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h46000/h46774.jpg

6. …USS Maine after

7. Why did McKinley call for war with Spain? Popular Business interests Spanish “despotism” Columbia incident Yellow Press/jingoism Maine Incident

8. Timeline of Spanish-American War February 15, 1898 April 20, 1898 May 1, 1898 July 25, 1898 August 12, 1898 February 6, 1899

9. Timeline of Spanish-American War February 15, 1898 Battleship Maine mysteriously explodes and sinks near the Cuban coast, 260 Americans die April 20, 1898 United States goes to war with Spain May 1, 1898 Admiral Dewey steams into Manila Bay and destroys Spanish fleet July 25, 1898 United States troops invade Puerto Rico August 12, 1898 United States and Spain sign armistice (cease fire) February 6, 1899 Senate passes Treaty of Paris

11. Spanish-American War Q: Who had the advantage at the beginning of the war? A: Spain had more soldiers and a bigger navy Q: How did the Philippines become involved? A: UNDER-Secretary Teddy Roosevelt ordered Commodore George Dewey to attack Manila

12. Who are the Rough Riders? regiment of American volunteers, including cowboys, polo players, ex-convicts…and Teddy Roosevelt Why are they historically significant? http://www.etsu.edu/cas/history/ resources/Private/Faculty/Fac_F rom1877ChapterDoc/ChapterIm ages/Ch19RooseveltandtheRoug h%20Riders.jpg

13. “Rough Riders” http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/img/grprord.jpg

15. Charge of San Juan Hill Historical Significance: Establishes reputation of TR and the United States as a world power. Painting by Frederic Remington Who is missing from this picture?

16. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi- bin/query/r?ammem/papr:@filreq(+ @FIELD(NUMBER+@band(sawm p+0959))+@field(COLLID+spanam ))

17. Buffalo Soldiers

18. OUTCOMES p. 534 379 US combat deaths, 5000+ deaths from disease Treaty of Paris of 1898: -Cuba “freed” -Guam and Puerto Rico are US possessions -Philippines purchased for $20 million then annexed to US Platt Amendment Increase in American prestige abroad

19. What were the arguments for expanding America’s empire?

20. “And one night it came to me this way-I don’t know how it was, but it came: (1) that we could not give them back to Spain – that would be cowardly and dishonorable; (2) that we could not turn them over to France or Germany- our commercial rivals in the Orient that would be bad business and discreditable; (3) that we could not leave them to themselves – the were unfit for self-government and they would soon have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain’s was; and (4) that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate they Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by God’s grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellowmen for whom Christ also died. And then I went to bed, and went to sleep and slept soundly.” -President McKinley; reflecting on what to do with the Philippines after the Spanish American war. MOTIVATING IDEAS OF IMPERIALISM NATIONAL HONOR COMMERCE RACIAL SUPERIORITY ALTRUISM

21. What were the arguments against expanding America’s empire?

22. 18.3: Acquiring New Lands OBJECTIVE: Understand how US imperialism developed and how the US acquired Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines