1. Teaching and Learning

2. Types of language drills a. Substitution drills i. Substitution of classroom objects Substitution of classroom objects Substitution of classroom objects ii. Substitution of figurines on flannel board/ magnet board Substitution of figurines on flannel board/ magnet board Substitution of figurines on flannel board/ magnet board iii. Substitution of matchstick figures iv. Substitution with pictures v. Substitution with pictures in advertisements vi. Substitution with pupils

3. b. Imperative drills i. Giving single orders Giving single orders Giving single orders ii. Giving orders for a series of actions c. Data drills i. Using a histograms (to show modes of travels) ii. Using a histograms (showing test results) iii. Using information wheel iv. Using road distance data

4. d. Action Drills i. Describing actions in sequence ii. Describing actions e. Verb series drills i. Describing habitual actions ii. Describing actions in sequences

5. f. Transformation drills i. Using transformation drills with picture series ii. Using transformation drills with picture for providing practice in reported speech iii. Using transformation drills in writing short dialogue g. Expansion drills i. The correct positioning of modifiers i. The correct positioning of modifiers h. Question and answer drills i. Filing Past drills

6. Substitution of classroom objects Substitution of classroom objects Language Function: describing the position of objects Language Function: describing the position of objects Language Item: Preposition in positive and negative sentences. Language Item: Preposition in positive and negative sentences. Procedure : Procedure : 1. Teacher does and action and says- 1. Teacher does and action and says- The book is on the table. The book is on the table. It is not on the chair. It is not on the chair. Pupils watch and listen. Pupils watch and listen. 2. Pupils repeat the sentences as teacher does the 2. Pupils repeat the sentences as teacher does the action. action. 3. Teacher substitutes the objects/ preposition/ place. 3. Teacher substitutes the objects/ preposition/ place. Teacher says the sentences and pupils repeat Teacher says the sentences and pupils repeat 4. Teacher does the action and get pupils to say the 4. Teacher does the action and get pupils to say the sentences sentences

7. Substitution of figurines on flannel board/ magnet board Substitution of figurines on flannel board/ magnet board Language function: Describing actions Language function: Describing actions Language items: Present perfect tense Language items: Present perfect tense Procedure: Procedure: 1. Pupils watch and listen as teacher places the figurines on the board and says appropriate sentences 1. Pupils watch and listen as teacher places the figurines on the board and says appropriate sentences 2. Pupils watch, listen and repeat in chorus and groups 2. Pupils watch, listen and repeat in chorus and groups 3. The teacher substitutes the figurines at three points in the sentences ( Subject + Verb + Object) silently and pupils say the sentences. ( Pupils take teachers role) 3. The teacher substitutes the figurines at three points in the sentences ( Subject + Verb + Object) silently and pupils say the sentences. ( Pupils take teachers role) Rasul has just swept the kitchen. Rasul has just swept the kitchen. boybroomstove womanbroombed

8. Giving single orders Giving single orders Language functions: Giving orders Language functions: Giving orders Language items: Imperatives with preposition and object Language items: Imperatives with preposition and object Procedure: Procedure: 1. Pupils listen and carry out actions as described in imperatives ( pick up../ hold up…/ put down …/ pin up…../ sit on ….) 1. Pupils listen and carry out actions as described in imperatives ( pick up../ hold up…/ put down …/ pin up…../ sit on ….) 2. Practise in groups ( A gives order / B carries out) 2. Practise in groups ( A gives order / B carries out) 3. Individual pupils give order ( Class /Group/ pupil carry out the actions) 3. Individual pupils give order ( Class /Group/ pupil carry out the actions)

9. 2. Teaching of language skills. Pupil centred listening activities. i. Listening & Speaking - listen and ………………………………………………. - listen and ……………………………………………….- listen and - listen and ii. Reading activities for teaching beginning reading skills………… activities for teaching beginning reading skills………… how to make intensive reading lesson interesting….. how to make intensive reading lesson interesting….. iii. Writing how teacher can help pupils build confidence in writing how teacher can help pupils build confidence in writing activities for teaching writing skills….. activities for teaching writing skills….. iv. Vocabulary skills v. Spelling skills vi. Dictation skills vii. Developing Creativity and Thinking skills viii. Grammar

10. - listen and listen andlisten and Repeat Repeat Draw Draw Say Say Do / Carry out Do / Carry out Point Point