2. Need for United Stand against Big Industry Low Wages Economic Crises: Booms and Busts Increasing Labor Pool Little to no Job Security Poor Working Conditions Rise of the Machines

3. Communal wages and work rules Strikes stop business and America is business Imported from Europe, hints of Socialism and anarchism The Irony of America Industry is allowed to grow and make trusts and pool, But workers are NOT allowed to organize and combine

4. Founded: 1866Dissolved: 1873 Attempted to combine all Local Trade unions Skilled and Un-skilled labor allowed to hoin Farmers added later/Blacks excluded (C.N.L.U.) Founded: 1866Dissolved: 1873 Attempted to combine all Local Trade unions Skilled and Un-skilled labor allowed to hoin Farmers added later/Blacks excluded (C.N.L.U.) Fought For: 8 Hour workday (adopted by U.S. government) Banning Chinese workers Fought For: 8 Hour workday (adopted by U.S. government) Banning Chinese workers Strikes in America: Railroad Strikes of 1877 wage reductions federal troops called in Strikes in America: Railroad Strikes of 1877 wage reductions federal troops called in

5. Founded in 1869 in Philadelphia Terrence Powderley expands Union by 1873 Membership of unskilled and skilled Women and blacks allowed membership (1878) More secretive and other trade unions (freemasonry) Founded in 1869 in Philadelphia Terrence Powderley expands Union by 1873 Membership of unskilled and skilled Women and blacks allowed membership (1878) More secretive and other trade unions (freemasonry) Union Objectives: End Child Labor and Convict Labor Equal Pay for Women Cooperativel ownership of Mines and Factories Progressive Income Tax Supported Various Strikes Union Objectives: End Child Labor and Convict Labor Equal Pay for Women Cooperativel ownership of Mines and Factories Progressive Income Tax Supported Various Strikes Decline:  Linked to strikes (Haymarket Strike)  Unsuccessful strikes  Union infighting  Linkage to Populist Party  Members leave for Socialists and IWW Decline:  Linked to strikes (Haymarket Strike)  Unsuccessful strikes  Union infighting  Linkage to Populist Party  Members leave for Socialists and IWW

6. May 1-4, 1886

7. Anarchists: The state is useless or unwanted therefore advocating a stateless society. Anarchists: The state is useless or unwanted therefore advocating a stateless society.

9. Founded: 1886 by Samuel Gompers Formed on heels of K.O.L. failures Membership was skilled workers only Exclusion of black workers and women Overview of A.F.L. Philosophy Do NOT fight capitalism, seek fair share Strike, boycott, walkout, negotiate. All WORK. Membership dues required Promoted closed shop hiring

10. Each Trade Union was autonomous from the whole Unions were encourage to “take care” of their own unions The AFL was like the umbrella sheltering the individual unions

14. Pittsburgh Steel Mill Pinkertons called in to put down strike at Carnegie’s factory Pinkerton’s Defeated Pennsylvania Militia called in Call for 22% wage cut Union locked out Non-Union called in to work

15. Chicago Railcar Factory: 1894 Nation wide sympathy strikes Rail traffic slows heavily Eugene V. Debs leads Blacks brought in as replacement work Strike become violent US Soldiers sent in by Grover Cleveland Panic of 1893 cuts demand Pullman cuts wages 12 hour workdays Cut wages but no lowering of rents