1. Section 8 Epithelial Tumor

2. 1. Benign epithelial tumors
(1) Papilloma
Origin: coverage epithelium
Shape: finger-like projections into the lumen or on the surface of skin
Site: commonly in skin or bladder.

3. Papilloma

4. (2) Adenoma Type Origin: adenocytes ① Typical adenoma
② Cystadenoma: having single or multiple cysts containing watery secretion. Commonly in ovary

5. Cystadenoma

6. ③ Fibroademoma: both adenocytes and fibrous are parenchymal compositions. commonly in breast
④ Plesmorphic adenoma: having gland, mucoid, and cartilage-like tissues. Commonly in salivary gland.
⑤ Polypous adenoma: single or multiple. commonly in gastrointestinal track.

7. 乳腺纤维腺瘤

8. Polypous adenoma
息肉状腺瘤
(黄尚文教授提供)

9. 2. Malignant epithehal tumors
(1) Squamous cell carcinoma
Origin: squamous cell
Morphology: grossly: cauliflower-like, polyp, mushroom-like, ulceration.

10. Histological:
Well-differentiated type are similar to normal squamous epithelial cells, with intercellular bridges and nets of keratin pearls (carcinoma pearls).
But poor-differentiated type are pleomorphism, no intercellular bridges and keratin pearls.

12. Squamous cell carcinoma

13. (2) Basal cell carcinoma
Origin: basal cells of skin
Features: locally invasive growth, almost never metastasis commonly in face of oldster.

14. Basal cell carcinoma

15. (3) Transitional cell carcinoma
Origin: transitional cells
Features: exoteric, finger-like, commonly in bladder, renal pelvis.

16. 膀胱移行细胞乳头状癌100倍

17. (4) Adenocarcinoma Origin: adenocytes large quantities of type:
① Typical adenocarcinoma
② Mucoid carcinoma or colloid
Signet-ring cell and carcinoma mucin
③ Solid carcinoma or carcinoma simplex
Poor differentiation adenoma carcinoma, and the tumor cells arrange in solid columns, or masses.

18. Adenocarcinoma

19. Signet-ring cell carcinoma

20. carcinoma simplex

21. Type: a. Sclerous carcinoma: dense stroma
b. Medullary carcinoma encephaloid carcinoma:
Little stroma, and large masses of tumor cells.
c. Carcinoma simplex:
Poor differentiation adenocarcinoma with equal quantities of tumor cells and stroma.

22. 3. Premalignant diseases dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ.
Definition: the benign diseases acquired the character of developing potentially into malignancy.

23. Dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (right)
(Quoted from Robbins《 Pathology Basis of disease》)

24. Grade 1: above changes are just limited in low 1/3 layer.
Grade 2: Above change are limited between in 1/3-2/3.
Grade 3: above changes breakthrough 3/2 layers
If above changes occupy whole layer, it is considered as carcinoma in situ.

25. Kinds: ① Leucoplakia ② Chronic cervicitis with cervical erosion
③ Fibrocystic disease of breast
④ Familial adenomatous polyps of the colon
⑤ Chronic atrophic gastritis and chronic peptic ulcer of stomach.
⑥ Chronic ulcer of skin
⑦ Others: pigmented nevus, hidden testis, goiter, liver cirrhosis

26. 女阴粘膜白斑(Prof. Orr 提供)

27. (2) Carcinoma in situ
Definition: carcinoma in situ denotes carcinomatous changes just limited in the epithelium without evidence of invasion, not breakthrough basement membrane.
Carcinoma in situ is the earliest stage of carcinoma.

28. carcinoma in situ

29. (3) Dysplasia
Definition: a disturbance of growth which is usually considered to be premalignant.
Features: The changes are made up of pleomorphism of the cells, loss of polarity of the cells, hyperchromatic nucle, increastd mitosis, but no invasion.