1. Chapter 28 Study Guide Answers

2. Question 1 Maria (Mare)- a large, dark area of lunar basalt.
Crater- a bowl-shaped depression that forms on an object when another object strikes it.
Moon- a smaller natural body that orbits the sun
Satellite- a smaller natural or artificial body that revolves around a planet ex. our moon
Regolith- layer of crushed rock and dust on the moon’s surface.

3. Question 1 Cont.
Apogee- the point when a satellite is at its farthest point from Earth in its orbit around Earth.
Perigee-the point when a satellite is at its closest point from Earth in its orbit around Earth.
Barycenter- the balance point of the Earth-Moon system.

4. Question 1 Cont.
Comet- a small body of rock, ice, and dust that follows an elliptical orbit around the solar system.
Asteroid- a small, rocky object that orbits the sun with a planet-like composition.
Umbra- the inner cone shaped part of the shadow where the sunlight in completely blocked.
Penumbra- outer part of the shadow where the sunlight is partially blocked.

5. Question1 Cont.
Oort Cloud- Area were scientists think that most comets originated from. Located beyond the orbit of the former planet Pluto.
Kuiper Belt- area where small objects orbit the sun. Beyond the orbit of Neptune. Pluto is in the Kuiper Belt the majority of its orbit.

6. Question 2
1.B 2.E 3.F 4.G 5.A 6.C 7.H 8.D

7. Question 3
Crust, Mantle, and Core

8. Question 4 1. Impact- Mars sized object strikes Earth
2. Debris- Debris from impact orbited Earth
3. Debris eventually comes together to from moon

9. Question 5
The moon has no atmosphere. Thus, the moon has no weathering or erosion.

10. Question 6
Maria, rilles, ridges, and regolith

11. Question 7 Depths?- Near 60 km Far 100 Km
Why different depths?- gravitational pull of Earth.
We always see the near side
We always see the near side because of the similar Earth/Moon orbit.
Near side is smooth and far side is rough, cratered, and rocky (because of impacts)

12. Question 8
The tides on Earth are controlled by the gravitational pull of the moon. There are 2 high and 2 low tides each day.

13. Question 9
Apollo

14. Question 10
Sidereal Days
Synodic Days

15. Question 11 Meteoroid- rock that floats around in space.
Meteor- rock that burns in Earth atmosphere.
Meteorite- rock that strikes Earth, moon, or another planet.

16. Question 12 Stony, iron, and stony-iron. Most common- stony
Least common- stony-iron
Easiest to ID- Iron (its metallic)

17. Question 13
Comet a.k.a- Dirty Snowball
Meteor a.k.a- Shooting Star

18. Question 14
Nucleus, Coma, and Tail
Solar wind and radiation pressure

19. Question 15
Oort Cloud- Area were scientists think that most comets originated from. Located beyond the orbit of the former planet Pluto.
Kuiper Belt- area where small objects orbit the sun. Beyond the orbit of Neptune. Pluto is in the Kuiper Belt the majority of its orbit.

20. Question 16
Every 76 Years!

21. Question 17
ELE- Extinction Level Event
NEO- Near Earth Object

22. Question 18 K-T Boundary Walter Alverez
All over the world (initially found in Italy)
Chixalub (Devil’s Tail) off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico)

23. Question 19
Iridium (element not found naturally in space and not on Earth)
Shocked Quartz
Impact Droplets

24. Question 20 Between Mars and Jupiter
A planet had started to form, but the gravitational pull of Jupiter was to strong.

25. Question 21
Tsunami
Fire
Impact Winter (poisonous gases and blocking out sunlight)
Land Shock
Molten Rock

26. Question 22 Total solar eclipse- sunlight is completely blocked
Annular solar eclipse-thin ring of sunlight is visible around moon

27. Additional Information
Order of celestial bodies for lunar and solar eclipses.
Solar- Earth, Moon, and Sun
Lunar- Moon, Earth, and Sun
Read diagram from lab