1. Ernest Oppong Leyla Chiepodeu Olivia Zonga

2.  Child sexual abuse (CSA) is defined as the involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not give informed consent to, or for which the child is not developmentally prepared, or that violates the laws or social taboos of a society.  It includes acts such as fondling, genital exposure of either or both victim or abuser, intimate kissing, forced masturbation, oral, penile or digital penetration of the mouth, vagina or anus.

3.  Girls are more at risk  Boys are more at risk outside the family  Older siblings  Children with disabilities (cant speak, see or hear)  Absence of one or both parents  Presence of multiple caregivers  Presence of step-father  Stress- associated with poverty and unsatisfactory marriage  Unwanted/ unplanned child

4.  Difficulty walking or sitting  Suddenly refuses to change or to participate in physical activity  Report nightmare or bed wetting  Experiences sudden change in appetite  Fatigue  Headaches  Stomach pain  Run away  Inappropriate sexual knowledge and interest  Reports sexual abuse

5.  Is excessively protective of the child  Severely limits the child contact with other children (especially of the opposite sex)  Is secretive or isolated

6.  Experiencing a stressful life situation ( poverty)  Having a few, if any, support systems  Commonly isolated from others  Lacking understanding of a child development or care needs  Lacking adaptive coping strategies( angers easily)  Expecting the child to be perfect

7. Child doesn’t report because:  Child is afraid that he/she wont be believed  They fear the abuser will retaliate  They feel a lot of shame  They fear the authority of the abuser

8. Parent doesn’t because they:  Don't want to lose their husband/partner  They may be unaware of the abuse  They don't want they child to lose their father  They are afraid they will be hurt (90% of the mothers are abused themselves)  Others are just ashamed!!!

9.  Depression  Anxiety  Eating disorders  Poor self-esteem  Sleep disturbances  Migraines  Self-harm  Internal bleeding  Damage of internal organs  Infections (STDs)

10.  Dissociative and anxiety disorders  Teenage pregnancy and risky sexual behaviors may appear in adolescence  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)  Borderline personality disorder (BPD)  Marital dissatisfaction  Disturbed interpersonal relationship  Increased risk of suicidal behaviors  Females report difficulties in sexual satisfactions  Lack of emotional and sexual fulfillment  Death

11. Teach children  Basic sexual education  That sexual advances from adults are wrong.  To communicate openly  The difference between good secrets and bad secrets.  The difference between “okay” and “not okay” touches.  That they can make decisions about their own bodies and say “no” when they do not want to be touched or do not want to touch others

12.  Give the child a safe environment  Encourage the child to talk about the abuse,  Guard against displaying emotions that would influence the child's telling of the information  Reassure the child  Seek assistance for the child  Arrange for a medical examination for the child  Report

13. The role of therapist is to:  Help the child recover  Help the child make sense of their feelings thought and behaviors  Teach the child how to control his/her behaviors  Help the child address issues  Serve as a role model  Improve relationships  Promote the child awareness and understanding of abuse dynamics  Help the child think about his/her behaviors  Help the child regain trust  Facilitate the child’s investments in a positive and protective support system

14. The goals of the sexual abuse treatment programs  Break the cycle of sexual abuse  Repair wounded self-images  Encourage self-empowerment  Re-establish health family relationships  Provide support through shared experiences  Learn to distinguish from healthy to unhealthy touch  Teach appropriate parenting skills

15.  24 hour hotline: 1-800-THE-LOST  (1-800) 4-A-CHILD  (1-800) CHILDREN  (1-800) 394-3366

16.  More than 90 % of sexual abuse is committed by someone the victims knows

17.  Report of child abuse is made every 10 seconds

18.  1 in 4 girls and 1 in 6 boys are sexually abused before the age of 18

19.  More than 5 children die every day as a result of child abuse ( 80 % of those are under 4 years old)

20.  Every 10 seconds, a child is sexually abused or raped

21.  1,850 children die a year from some form of child abuse = 7+ children a day in the U.S. alone

22.  Today 6 children will commit suicide due to child abuse

23.  2/3 of people with drug abuse report being abused as children

24.  84 % of all prison inmates had been abused as a child

25.  Estimated 70-75% end up in prostitution, on drugs or dealing drugs.

26.  http://www.policemag.com/_Images/articles/M-CS-Child-Sexual-Abuse.jpg http://www.policemag.com/_Images/articles/M-CS-Child-Sexual-Abuse.jpg  http://www.hcplive.com/media/webexclusives/2a62ad370c080cd3d4b109c4f278f532.jpg http://www.hcplive.com/media/webexclusives/2a62ad370c080cd3d4b109c4f278f532.jpg  http://exsuperwoman.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/sexualabuse.jpg http://exsuperwoman.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/sexualabuse.jpg  http://commissioner.cws.coe.int/tiki-download_file.php?fileId=100&display=&x=500&y=352 http://commissioner.cws.coe.int/tiki-download_file.php?fileId=100&display=&x=500&y=352  Advocates for Youth (1995). Child sexual abuse: An overview. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved April 8, 2010.  American Medical Association (1992). Diagnostic and treatment guidelines on child sexual abuse. Chicago, IL: Author.  American Psychological Association (2010). Understanding child sexual abuse: Education, prevention, and recovery. Washington, DC: Author.  Black, D. A., Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. Smith. (2001). Risk factors for child sexual abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior,6(2-3), 203-229.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). Adverse childhood experiences study: Data and statistics. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Retrieved April 1, 2010.  National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (2010). What to do if a child discloses sexual molestation. Alexandria, VA: Author. Retrieved April 7, 2010.  National Child Traumatic Stress Network (2007). Questions and answers about child sexual abuse treatment (PDF, 65KB). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved April 2, 2010.  National Child Traumatic Stress Network (2009). Child sexual abuse fact sheet (PDF, 65KB). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved April 2, 2010.  Putnam, F. W. (2003). Ten year research update review: Child sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(3), 269-278.  Sedlak, A. J., & Broadhurst, D. D. (1996). The third national incidence survey of child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.  Snyder, H. N. (2000). Sexual assault of young children as reported to law enforcement: Victim, incident, and offender characteristics. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved April 5, 2010.