1. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Instructor name Class Title, Term/Semester, Year Institution Introductory Psychology Concepts Cognition

2. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Cognition 2 Cognition: occurs when information is being organized, stored, processed, or communicated.

3. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Cognition 3 Concepts: ideas that represent a class or category of events or objects.  Enable us to organize complex phenomena into simpler, and therefore more easily usable, cognitive categories.  Help us classify newly encountered objects on the basis of our past experiences How do you view these structures? Two houses of worship (A & B), two similar examples of architecture (B & C), or three buildings: all illustrate the use of concepts. A.B.C.

4. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Cognition 4 Prototypes: typical, highly representative examples of a concept. High agreement exists among people in a particular culture about which examples of a concept are prototypes, as well as which examples are not. Ranking of Prototype: Most to Least Typical Concept Category FurnitureVehicleWeaponVegetable Most Typical Least Typical

5. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts : Cognition 5 Prototypes: typical, highly representative examples of a concept. Ranking of Prototype: Most to Least Typical Concept Category FurnitureVehicleWeaponVegetable Most Typical Least Typical Chair Sofa Table Dresser Desk Bed Bookcase Footstool Lamp Piano Radio Stove Car Truck Bus Motorcycle Train Trolley Car Bicycle Airplane Boat Tractor Raft Sled Gun Knife Sword Bomb Grenade Spear Cannon Bow&Arrow Club Tank Fists Rocket Peas Carrots String beans Spinach Broccoli Asparagus Corn Cauliflower Lettuce Beets Eggplant Onion