1. Ohio Department of Health1 Hazardous Materials Awareness zModule 1: Preparing For Response

2. Ohio Department of Health2 Definitions

3. 3 US Department of Transportation zHazardous Materials were first defined nationally by USDOT in 1975 as a “hazardous substance or material which has been determined…, to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported…”.

4. Ohio Department of Health4 US Environmental Protection Agency & Occupational Safety and Health Administration z Hazardous substance or material is defined by EPA, and OSHA as “any substance that can produce an adverse effect on the health or safety of the persons exposed…”.

5. Ohio Department of Health5 Simplified Definition zAny substance or material that when released from its container may hurt or harm the things it contacts. zAnything that jumps out at you.

6. Ohio Department of Health6 Hazardous Materials Incident zAny release or potential release of a hazardous substance in an unplanned or unexpected manner. z“Haz-Mat” incidents are unique incidents. They require specialized protective measures not normally available to first responders AND they demand a different operational approach! zAn emergency created by the release or potential release of a hazardous material.

7. Ohio Department of Health7

8. 8 Mechanisms of Harm zHazardous materials incidents pose a multitude of health and safety concerns, any of which could result in serious injury or death.

9. Ohio Department of Health9 Mechanism of Harm Cont… zThermal zRadiological zAsphyxiation zChemical zEtiological zMechanical

10. Ohio Department of Health10 Mechanism of Harm also includes: Psychological

11. Ohio Department of Health11 MECHANISMS OF HARM ONE AT A TIME

12. Ohio Department of Health12 Thermal: zExposure to extremes in temperature. yHeat from fires or heat releasing chemical reactions. yExtremes in cold such as seen with liquified gas and cryogenic liquids.

13. Ohio Department of Health13 Radiological: zExposure to materials which spontaneously emit ionizing radiation. yThere are four nuclear power plants affecting 29 Ohio counties with fallout possibilities. yRadioactive substances are also used in industry and medicine extensively.

14. Ohio Department of Health14 Affected Counties in Ohio This map shows the counties in Ohio affected by the four nuclear plants. FermiFermi Davis BesseDavis Besse PerryPerry Beaver ValleyBeaver Valley

15. Ohio Department of Health15 Asphyxiation: Can be subdivided into two categories xSimple- oxygen deficient atmosphere which can be caused by displacement or consumption of ambient oxygen. xChemical- many toxic substances cause pathological changes within the body by preventing the body from properly using oxygen. Example: carbon monoxide. EPA Action Guide - below 19.5% oxygen content SCBA REQUIRED

16. Ohio Department of Health16 Chemical: zToxic or destructive effects from exposure to chemicals. zExamples include: y poisoning from pesticides y respiratory systems injury from materials like chlorine y corrosive damage from contact with acids and alkaline materials.

17. Ohio Department of Health17 Etiological/Biological: zInjury or harm cause by human disease causing agents. zBacteria and viruses. zMany of these are used by terrorists. zThis is the “B” in NBC zKnowledge of the existence of these types of agents will be limited.

18. Ohio Department of Health18 Mechanical: zMechanical hazards are physical hazards which may be present at the incident. yFlying debris from explosions. yTrips and falls on uneven ground. yExcessive noise conditions resulting in hearing injury. yPunctures from nails and glass. yImpacts from falling debris.

19. Ohio Department of Health19 Psychological: zMental harm caused by fear of the unknown or witnessing a violent death. zMental harm to responders due to long periods on the line. zAnxiety due to long periods away from home.

20. Ohio Department of Health20 Routes of Exposure ROUTES OF EXPOSURE ONE AT A TIME

21. Ohio Department of Health21 Inhalation zInhalation involves the breathing in of a substance, leading to direct contact with tissues in the respiratory tract: ynose ythroat ytrachea ylungs

22. Ohio Department of Health22 Ingestion zIngestion is the swallowing of a substance, resulting in contact with the digestive tract: y mouth y throat y esophagus y stomach y intestines

23. Ohio Department of Health23 Absorption/Contact zAbsorption/contact involves direct contact with skin. y Destruction and/or passage of material through the skin and eyes.

24. Ohio Department of Health24 Injection zInjection is the entry of a substance through a break in the skin.