1. Construction and Test of the First Belle II SVD Ladder Implementing the Origami Chip-on-Sensor Design 29 Sept. 2015 TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna) TWEPP 2015, Lisbon

2. Outline TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Introduction Assembly Procedure Precision & Performance Summary 2

3. Outline TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Introduction Assembly Procedure Precision & Performance Summary 3

4. SuperKEKB / Belle II SuperKEKB: e - /e + collider at KEK, Tsukuba, Japan  B factory 40-fold increase in peak luminosity to 8  10 35 cm -2 s -1  1  10 10 BB / year 50-fold increase in integrated luminosity until 2023 w.r.t. Belle Refurbishment of accelerator and detector required  Nano-beams with cross-sections of ~10 µm x 60 nm  10 mm radius beam pipe at interaction region 4TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 e - 7GeV 2.6 A e + 4GeV 3.6 A Peak luminosity [cm -2 s -1 ] Integrated luminosity [ab -1 ] Calendar year Target of SuperKEKB / Belle II Belle II

5. Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector Belle II Vertex Detector (VXD) = Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) + Pixel Detector (PXD) Four layers of double sided silicon strip detectors (made from 6” wafers) Radii of SVD layers: 38 / 80 / 115 / 140 mm 2,3,4 or 5 sensors per ladder 5TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Ladders End rings Carbon fiber (CF) cone End flange Pixel Detector (PXD) (inside SVD  individual sub-detector) Outer CF shell Beam pipe

6. SVD Ladder Design 6TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 L6 Ladder L5 Ladder L4 Ladder L3 Ladder FWD module BWD module Origami +z Origami ce Origami -z BWD FWDFWD Cooling pipe BWD module FWD module

7. The Origami Chip-on-Sensor Concept 7TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 CF reinforced ribs 6” DSSD 1 mm Airex ® sheet as isolator 3-layer flex circuit Thinned APV25 chips (100µm) Connection to Strips: –Top side: pitch adapter (PA0) –Bottom side: wrapped pitch adapters (PA1, PA2) Cooling: –CO2 cooling –Single cooling pipe Trade-off between material budget & SNR 0.60% X 0 (averaged) n-side p-side Tail part of Origami flex not shown in fig. a)

8. SVD Ladder Design (Layer 5) 3 rectangular + 1 trapezoidal DSSDs SFW, SBW: forward, backward sub-assemblies (INFN Pisa) Central sensors read out by Origami hybrids 8TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Origami –z Origami ce 1 mm Airex foam DSSDs SBW SFW CF ribs CO 2 clips

9. The Evolution of the Origami Design 2008: Introduction of concept 2009: Feasibility shown with 4” DSSD module 2010: First full-size module with 6” DSSD 2011: Re-design to fit mechanical requirements of Belle II SVD ladders 2012: Assembly of first 2-DSSD module 9TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 2008 2009 2010 2012

10. 2013 - 2015 2013-2014: –Development of a reliable assembly procedure for full SVD ladders –Production of required jigs –Design production and tuning of ladder components –Gluing and wire bonding studies –Assembly of first mechanical prototype ladders 2015: –Assembly and test of first electrically functional ladders 10TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 BW sub-assembly mech. prototype, INFN Pisa, Oct. 2014 L6 mech. prototype Kavli IPMU, Oct. 2014 L5 mech. prototype, HEPHY Vienna, Nov.2014 L4 mech. prototype, TIFR, Feb. 2015

11. Outline TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Introduction Assembly Procedure Precision & Performance Summary 11

12. Layer 5 Ladder Assembly Ladder assembly procedure shown by the example of a layer 5 ladder ~25 vacuum jigs required Complex procedure –Assembly of mechanical structure (ribs) –Precise pitch adapter gluing –Sensor alignment –Origami flex gluing –PA wrapping and gluing –Wire bonding (~3000 connections per sensor) –Attaching sub-assemblies to ribs –Electrical testing ~15 working days for one L5 ladder TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 201512 Selection of L5 assembly jigs L5 ladder structure

13. Sensor + Pitch Adapter Assembly (SPA5) TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 OS5 PA1 / PA2 bending SPA5 stored on Gel-Pak ® Sub Process Wire bonding 13 DSSD pre-alignment Applying glue onto pitch adapter

14. Rib-Assembly (RS5) TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Sub Process 1 mm pin 14

15. DSSD Alignment TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Sub Process 15 Placing DSSDs onto assembly bench Alignment of DSSDs

16. Half-Ladder Assembly TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Sub Process 16 RS5 on assembly base BW sub-assembly gluing FW sub-assembly gluing Completed half-ladder

17. Origami Sub-Assembly – Hybrids Gluing 1.Airex gluing 2.Origami ce gluing 3.Origami –z gluing 4.Wire bonding n-side 17TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Sub Process Attaching O-Z OCE already glued onto sensor, applying glue onto O-Z Origami flexes glued onto sensors, n-side bonded

18. Origami Sub-Assembly – PA Wrapping TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Sub Process 18 Glue applied to PA, micro positioner equipped with vacuum nozzles used to bend and glue pitch adapters Glued pitch adapter Uniform glue spread required for wire bonding Wire bonding

19. Ladder Assembly Part 2 TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Sub Process 19 Half-ladder and Origami sub-assembly before final steps Applying glue onto BW sensor and ribs Attaching OS5 with vertical stages

20. Final L5 Ladder So far completed L5 ladders: –Class C: L5.902, L5.904 Precise mechanical prototypes –Class B: L5.903, L5.001 Electrically functional, but DSSD with some defects used. 20TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Sub Process bond wires L5.001 in transport box CO2 pipe clip

21. Outline TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Introduction Assembly Procedure Precision & Performance Summary 21

22. Mechanical Survey of Ladders F-marks at DSSD corners –Used for alignment –Measured on final ladder Aimed precision: 100µm Measurement done on CMM Optical measurement Sensor positions: BW, -Z, CE, FW 22TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 L5.903 mounted onto beam test support with cooling pipe attached FW CE-Z BW

23. Coordinate System for Ladder Survey 23 TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 FW CE -Z BW

24. h g e f Mechanical Survey Results L5.904 24TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 delta x [µm] x [mm] delta y [µm] x [mm] Average displacement: L5.904: Precise mech. prototype Average of 4 measurements B etter than ±100µm in all directions delta z [µm] x [mm]

25. Electrical Performance of L5.903 Electrical tests of L5.903 – 90 Sr source test in lab –EMC measurements in Zaragoza, Spain  see R. Thalmeier –Beam test at CERN SPS Test setup –Ladder mounted on moveable stage of ladder test box –Test box is used for both source and beam tests 25TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 L5.903 mounted on moveable stage inside of ladder test box scintillator beam Space for 90 Sr source (optional)

26. 26 L5.903 Source Test: Noise & SNR TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna) 29 Sept. 2015 p-siden-side BW -Z CE FW cw = 1 cw = 2 cw ≥ 3 cw = 1 cw = 2 cw ≥ 3 cw = 1 cw = 2 cw ≥ 3 cw = 1 cw = 2 cw ≥ 3 cw = 1 cw = 2 cw ≥ 3 cw = 1 cw = 2 cw ≥ 3 cw = 1 cw = 2 cw ≥ 3 cw = 1 cw = 2 cw ≥ 3

27. L5.903 Source Test: Conclusion All noise patterns look as expected –p-side: ~2.5 ADC –n-side: ~2.1 ADC SNR in the expected range –cluster width = 2: p-side = ~15 n-side = ~18 Operating the full ladder simultaneously works as good as individual parts 27TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Ladder structure visible in hit maps

28. L5.903: Beam Test 3.-14.6.2015 @ CERN SPS Setup and device under test (DUT) –L5.903 mounted into test box –„Pseudo-telescope“ with single sensor modules in front and back –CO 2 cooling Beam: 120 GeV/c 28TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 beam Modules at back side DUT: L5.903

29. L5.903 Beam Test SNR 29 Mean noise: 2.7 ADC on p-side and 2.5 ADC on n-side. All sensors performed as expected Analysis ongoing preliminary p-side BW n-side p-side FW n-side p-side -Z n-side p-side CE n-side 29 Sept. 2015TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)

30. L5.903 BeamTest: Conclusion All noise figures as expected SNR in the expected range Slightly better SNR with cooling Analysis of beam test data ongoing Full L5.903 ladder works as good as single sensor modules 30TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Hit maps -Z p-side n-side clw=2w/o coolingCO2 cooling -20°C n-side1415 p-side1212,5

31. Outline TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Introduction Assembly Procedure Precision & Performance Summary 31

32. Summary Procedure to build Belle II SVD ladders by utilizing the Origami chip-on-sensor concept Mechanical precision proven by prototype ladders First electrically working L5 ladders assembled Good electrical performance confirmed with both source measurements and beam test 32TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015

33. Thank You for Your Attention! 29 Sept. 2015TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna) Have you seen our ladder? 33

34. Backup Slides 29 Sept. 201534TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)

35. Assembly Sites L3 ladders:Univ. of Melbourne L4 ladders:TIFR (@ IPMU) L5 ladders:HEPHY Vienna L6 ladders:Kavli IPMU FWD/BWD modules:INFN Pisa 35TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015

36. Origami Hybrid Gluing Alignment of Origami flex by reference holes Origami hybrid is picked up with gluing jig Glue is applied onto Origami flex Origami flex is glued onto sensor by placing the Origami jig onto the assembly bench, guided by precision pins 3629 Sept. 2015 alignment jig gluing jig TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)

37. Mechanical Survey Results L5.001 37TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna)29 Sept. 2015 Average displacement: L5.001: Latest, electrically functional ladder Average of 4 measurements x, y: ±100µm, z: + ±100µm Slightly worse, but same order of precision delta x [µm] x [mm] delta y [µm] x [mm] delta z [µm] x [mm]

38. L5.903: Beam Test Hit Maps 38 p-side BW n-side p-side FW n-side p-side -Z n-side p-side CE n-side Data taken without cooling at room temperature. 29 Sept. 2015TWEPP 2015, C. Irmler (HEPHY Vienna) preliminary