1. Barbara A. Pijan = Dec-2011 1 Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 Vocabulary Skills for IELP Tutors

2. IELP Vocabulary Dec-2011 Vocabulary for IELP Tutors2 Key to Success for University Reading

3. IELP Vocabulary Dec-2011 Vocabulary for IELP Tutors 1.Why? 2.Which words? 3.What tools? 4.How can Tutors help ? 3

4. 1. Why? R EADING = the key to university success. VOCABULARY = the key to reading. 4Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011

5. 1. Why? To understand a Reading Passage: Comprehension = Minimum 90-95% KNOWN words Vocabulary for IELP Tutors 90 - 95 % Dec-2011 5

6. 1. Why? Target Comprehension = 95% of the running words in an average text Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 6

7. 2. What Words? The Lexicon Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 7

8. 2. What Words? Webster’s 3 rd Intl – 114,000 word families Printed school English – 88,000 word families To read without interruption from unknown vocabulary – 17-20,000 word families = ** college fluency ** Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Receptive Vocab Dec-2011 8

9. 2. What Words? Native Speaker youth add +/- 1,000 new word families each year (until they leave school) Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 9 The average US kindergartener knows: 6000 word families Educated NS know: 20,000 word families

10. Chinese Vocabulary For comparison : Basic vocab 520 characters [Chinese 101-103] Written proficiency begins 1500 characters [Chinese 301-303] Full literacy = 3500+ char Masters degree = 7000 char Total characters = 11,000 Total words = approx 84,000 10 Data from www.pdx.edu/wll/course s-chinese + en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi nese_language www.pdx.edu/wll/course s-chinese en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi nese_language

11. 2. What Words? Academic Word List 570 “university” headwords General Service List 2248 most common “normal” words Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 11

12. 2. What Words? If Ss learn 2000 GSL only then 1 of 5 words will be unknown If Ss add 570 AWL then approx 1 of 10 words will be unknown Vocabulary for IELP Tutors + AWL + GSL 90+% text = known Dec-2011 12

13. 2. What Words? Text type and text coverage from : Learning Vocabulary in Another Language, p. 17 LISTS C ONVERSATION F ICTION N EWSPAPER A CADEMIC T EXT 1st 1000 GSL84.3% 82.3%75.6%73.5% 2nd 1000 GSL6.0% 5.1%4.7%4.6% AWL1.9% 1.7%3.9%8.5% Other (technical) 7.8% 10.9%15.7%13.3% Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 13

14. 2. What Words? AWL sublistCoverage of the Academic Corpus (%) Pages per repetition in the Academic Corpus 1 (60 families)3.6%Once every 4 pages 2 (60 families)1.8%Once every 8 pages 3 (60 families)1.2%12 4 (60 families)0.9%15 5 (60 families)0.8%19 6 (60 families)0.6%24 7 (60 families)0.5%30 8 (60 families)0.3%49 9 (60 families)0.2%67 10 (30 families)0.1%82 Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Ave. 400 words per page http://www.victoria.ac.nz /lals/resources/academic wordlist/thesublists.aspx Dec-2011 14

15. 3. Which tools? Tools and Skills: Translating Dictionaries Encounters! Word-lists Graded readers Constant Testing IELP Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 15 Paul Nation

16. 3. Which tools? Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 16 Student’s word knowledge:

17. 4. Tutor Help? 17Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 List-study = OK Tutor’s talk = role- modeling But… Context-guessing = doesn’t work!

18. 4. Tutor’s Help? Context Guess ? No, not unless 95% = known! Study List ? Yes = by collocation Yes = by morphology (AWL) No = by semantic group Casual talking ? No, must Read for University Register Context Guess ? No, not unless 95% = known! Study List ? Yes = by collocation Yes = by morphology (AWL) No = by semantic group Casual talking ? No, must Read for University Register Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 18 Which methods work?

19. 4. Tutor’s Help? Students should use: – Study Lists + frequent Quiz – Margin notes – Translations – Multiple Encounters – Learner Dictionaries – Internet self-study 19Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011

20. 4. Tutor’s Help? Dictionary Skills – ESSENTIAL – in Constant Use while the 2000 + 570 are being learned Collocations – Learner Dictionaries required – Need Frequency rank 20 Dec-2011 Vocabulary for IELP Tutors

21. IELP Proficiency Test? Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 21 Word ListIELP Proposed Academic Vocabulary Proficiency Exit - Tests GSL 0001-1000Exit test = level-I? GSL 1001-2284Comprehensive test 0001-2284 = exit level-2? AWL Sub-lists 1-3Exit test = level-3? AWL Sub-lists 4-6Exit test = Academic Track L-4? AWL Sub-lists 7-8Exit test = Academic Track L-5? AWL Sub-lists 9-10Exit test = Graduate Track L-6? (most likely, Sublists 9-10 will remain as a self-study directive)

22. References Bauman, J. (1995). General service list. http://jbauman.com/aboutgsl.html Coxhead, A. (2000). A new academic word list. TESOL Quarterly, 34, 213-238. Folse, K. (2004). Vocabulary myths: applying second language research to classroom teaching. Univ. of Michigan Press. Nation, I.S.P. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge Univ. Press. Nation, I.S.P. [consultant] (2010). Real reading. Longman Publishers. Zimmerman, C. (2008). Word knowledge: a vocabulary teachers handbook. Oxford Univ. Press. Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 22 Barbara Anne Pijan