2. The End of the Ottoman Empire

3. The Turkish Republic was established in 1923. The Empire had been in a state of decline for several centuries. The inability to keep up with industrial and scientific developments, social and political unrest and wars had sapped its strength. The First World War signaled its end. The Ottoman’s were on the losing side of the war and the British were given most of it’s former empire. As the Empire crumbled, its Turkish nucleus rose up in a War of Liberation against the invading powers and the Sultan’s government. End of the Ottoman Empire

4. The Ottoman Capital -- Constantinople

5. Creator of Modern Turkey Kemal Ataturk “Ataturk”means “Father of the Turks”

6. Ataturk’s Reform Program  Capital moved from Constantinople to Ankara.  Secularism  Qur’an in Turkish translation.  Adoption of a republican constitution and a Swiss civil code.  Westernization & nationalism:  Compulsory, secular education.  Banning the fez.  Western [Roman] script.  Western clothing.  Women unveiled & given full citizenship and the right to vote.  Capital moved from Constantinople to Ankara.  Secularism  Qur’an in Turkish translation.  Adoption of a republican constitution and a Swiss civil code.  Westernization & nationalism:  Compulsory, secular education.  Banning the fez.  Western [Roman] script.  Western clothing.  Women unveiled & given full citizenship and the right to vote.

7. Modern Turkey Banned Traditional _______. Women urged to _______. Replaced the Arabian Alphabet with the _____________Alphabet Dress Vote Latin

8. People and Culture Ethnic Turks make up _____ percent of the population. _______ make up the rest of the population. Urban middle class Turks match the Middle Class of_____________ 80 Kurds Europe

9. Economy TurkeyTurkey's economy is a complex mix of traditional craftsmanship and modern industries,economy craftsmanshipindustries The country's large agriculture sector, which ranked 7th in the world in terms of production output in 2005,agriculture Turkey has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in industry, banking, transport, and communications.industry bankingtransportcommunications What type of economy does Turkey have? __________ MIXED

10. Economy of Turkey CurrencyNew Turkish liraNew Turkish lira (YTL) GDPGDP (PPP)PPP$941.6 billion [1] (2008 est.) (15) [1]15 GDP per capita$13,511 [1] (2008 est.) [1] GDP by sector agriculture: 8.9%, industry: 30.8%, services: 59.3% [3] (2007 est.) [3] Population below poverty linepoverty line 13% [3] (2007) [3] Labour force by occupation agriculture: 35.9%, industry: 22.8%, services: 41.2% [3] (3rd qtr. 2004) [3] Main industries textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper Export goods textiles, foodstuffs, metal manufactures, transport equipment, electronics, home appliances Main export partners GermanyGermany 11.3%, United Kingdom 8%, Italy 7.9%, United States 6%, France 5.4%, Spain 4.4% [3] (2006)United KingdomItalyUnited StatesFranceSpain [3]

11. Government and Religion Most people in Turkey are ______ The government is _______ which means religion is kept separate from government Muslim Secular

12. Type of Government Turkey has a ____________________________ form of government. What does that mean? The president and prime minister share _____________ power. parliamentary democracy A means that the political power is held by an elected parliament representing the people. Executive

14. The Hebrews established a nation they called Israel on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. About 1300BCE, many Hebrews moved to Egypt to escape a famine. At first, the Hebrews were treated well in Egypt, but in time they were enslaved by the Egyptians.

15. The Jews, were conquered by several other cultures over the years but always rose up and regained control of their land. When the ____________ spread to Israel and the Jews were once again a conquered people. They tried to rise up and revolt against the Romans but the Romans countered by destroying their _________and killing or enslaving most of Jerusalem’s population. Many of the Jews fled, never to return to their homeland again beginning a period known as the_________. Most Jews were forced to live as minorities in many different lands throughout the world. Roman Empire temple Diaspora

16. The Middle East in 1914

17. Zionism Theodore Herzl 1860-1904  GOALS: The spiritual and political renewal of the Jewish people.  Return of the Jewish people to their ancient homeland of present day Palestine.  Freedom from Western anti-Semitism.  GOALS: The spiritual and political renewal of the Jewish people.  Return of the Jewish people to their ancient homeland of present day Palestine.  Freedom from Western anti-Semitism.

18. Palestine Was Part of the Ottoman Empire

19. When the Ottoman Empire fell, Palestine became part of Britain When the Ottoman Empire fell, Palestine became part of Britain

20. Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920  In 1920, there was 1 Jew to every 10 Arabs in Palestine.  By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs for every Jew.  In 1920, there was 1 Jew to every 10 Arabs in Palestine.  By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs for every Jew. The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”

21. The “Arab Legion” of the British Army During WW 2

22. Hitler’s “Final Solution ” The Jewish population in each country in 1942.

23. The Nazi Holocaust  6,000,00 Jews killed by the Nazis [1/2 in the concentration camps.]

24. U. N. Partition Plan of 1947

25. Israel Becomes a Nation: May 14, 1948 David Ben-Gurion, 1 st Prime Minister Chaim Weizmann, 1 st President

26. War Begins!: May 15, 1948

27. Six DayWar-1967 Israel captures territories that were under the control of the Palestinians. These areas include________________, _____________, and ________________. These territories are still under dispute by the Palestinians who view any Jewish settlement here as an invasion of their land. Gaza East JerusalemThe West Bank

28. The Palestinian Liberation Organization

29. Palestinian Authority In 2005 Israel transferred control of Gaza to the Palestinians

30. Government and Religion 80% of people in Israel are ______ Since Judaism affects all aspects of daily life, it is hard to say that it has no effect in Israeli government The prime minister has executive power while the _____________ or parliament has the legislative power. Jewish Knesset

31. Israel in the Future As Israel struggles with how to maintain its strength and freedom in one of the most hostile regions in the world, it must also come to grips with the fact that some type of peaceful solution must be worked out with the Palestinians and its Arab neighbors if it hopes to survive into the future.