1. The Eastern Mediterranean
Chapter 20
The
Eastern
Mediterranean

2. SECTION 1 OBJECTIVE
Natural Environment
I.D. Landforms, rivers, climates, & natural resources of Eastern Mediterranean

3. List the countries & capitals discussed in this chapter.

4. What 2 continents does this region reside on?
Europe
Asia
What 2 continents does this region reside on?

5. What are the major water features in this area?
Jordan River 
Located in Israel & Lebanon between the Sea of Galilee and Dead Sea

6. What are the major water features in this area?
Dead Sea  located 1312ft below sea level, its shores are the lowest spot on the earth’s surface, it is extremely salty (easy to float)

7. What are the major water features in this area?
Tigris & Euphrates Rivers  land between is known as Mesopotamia, both flow together to become the Shat al’ Arab.

8. Arid Semi-Arid Mediterranean Rain Shadow Elevation
Climate Zones
Causes
Arid
Semi-Arid
Mediterranean
Rain Shadow
Elevation
Distance from the sea
Name the 3 common climate zones & 3 common causes for these climate zones

9. What natural resources are found in this area?
Fossil Fuels  Oil/ Coal/ Natural Gas
Mineral  Copper/ Iron Ore/ Potash/ Magnesium

10. 1. I.D. various empires 7 their influence
SECTION 2
History and Culture
1. I.D. various empires 7 their influence
2. Analyze how modern Israel came to be
3. Describe cultures

11. Give facts about the following empires:
Romans 
BCE conquered area-> most Jews exiled
1st century AD -> Christianity spreads from here

12. Give facts about the following empires:
Byzantine 
400’s AD after fall of Roman Empire
Christianity splits into Eastern Orthodox & Roman Catholic
Capital was Constantinople = now Istanbul
Justinian= Emperor of Byzantine Empire

13. Give facts about the following empires:
Arab
600AD take over what is now Israel
Turkic Muslims invade in 1077AD, forcing the Pope to declare war  would later be known as the Crusades ’s
Muslims would later force Christians out

14. Give facts about the following empires:
Ottoman
1300’sAD est. Empire
1453 est. Constantinople as capital
Empire collapses after WWI – only control Turkey

15. Conflict in this region.

16. How did Palestine & Israel come to be split?
1800’s Zionism – called for Jews to set up homeland in Palestine
WWI &WWII  Jews move out of Europe
1947  UN splits Palestine into Arab & Jewish state
Wars between Arabs & Israelis occur from 1950’s Israel successful in picking up West Bank, Gaza Strip, & Golan Heights
*In Israel today, most of the Jewish holidays are recognized and practiced by everyone. Businesses are usually closed on these holidays.

17. List the popular languages & religions found in this area.
Arabic*
Hebrew
Turkish
English
French
Russian
Kurdish
*Most Popular
Islam*
Christianity
Judaism
*Most Popular
List the popular languages & religions found in this area.

18. 1. Describe economic activities in the area
SECTION 3
1. Describe economic activities in the area
2. ID characteristics of cities
3. Analyze challenges facing the region

19. What unites people from different ethnic groups in this region?
Religious traditions & cultures, unites people regardless of what group they belong to.

20. What are some of the reasons economic development has been so hard in this area?
Natural Hazards
Political Problems
Hostile Relationships b/t Countries
Strained resources due to over population
Civil Wars (Lebanon & Cyprus)
Weak Educational Systems

21. List the greatest hits for the following:
Agriculture  Econs in this area rely heavily on agriculture. Growth is due in part to the irrigation receive from near by rivers.
Industry  Israel is the most technologically advanced nation here, making money from industry, diamonds, and chemicals
Tourism  Accounts for a majority of money made in the region, but slows due to civil unrest.

22. What are the urban areas like in this region?
Old or ancient centers with newer areas outlying
Roads are small and winding
Open air markets
War has destroyed many cities like Beirut, Lebanon
*Damascus, Syria is considered to be the world’s oldest city

23. What are some important issues the region is currently facing?
Political  status of West Bank & Gaza Strip
Civil Unrest due to unfair treatment by government & moving to a more secure government
Drought limiting plant growth