2.  Productivity  Economic growth and productivity  Main processes of a company  Productivity model  Illustration of the real income distribution processes  Measuring and interpreting partial productivity  National productivity  Importance of national productivity growth

3. Productivity is a measure of output from a production process, per unit of input. For example, labor productivity is typically measured as a ratio of output per labor-hour, an input. labor productivity Productivity may be conceived of as a metric of the technical or engineering efficiency of production. Such as, the emphasis is on quantitative metrics of input, and sometimes output. Understand, think of an idea importance

4. Economic growth is a production increase achieved by an economic entity or nation. It is usually expressed as an annual growth percentage depicting (real) growth of the company output (per entity) or the national product (per nation). Economic growth is created by two factors so that it is appropriate to talk about the components of growth. These components are an increase in production input and an increase in productivity. showing To perform, succeed

5. Accordingly, an increase productivity is characterized by a shift of the production function and a consequent change to the output/input relation. The formula of total productivity is normally written as follows: Total productivity = Output quantity / Input quantity

6. Comparison of average total productivity levels between the OECD member states. Productivity is measured as GDP per hour worked. Blue bars=higher than average, yellow bars=lower than average. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation & Development Gross domestic product

7. A company can be divided into sub-processes in different ways; yet, the following five are identified as main processes, each with a logic, objectives, theory and key figures of its own. It is important to examine each of them individually, yet, as a part of the whole, in order to be able to measure and understand them. The main processes of a company are as follows:  real process  income distribution process  production process  monetary process  market value process

8. Productivity is created in the real process, productivity gains are distributed in the income distribution process and these two processes constitute the production process. The production process and its sub- processes, the real process and income distribution process occur simultaneously, and only the production process is identifiable and measurable by the traditional accounting practices.

9. Productivity model is a measurement method which is used in practice for measuring productivity. Productivity model must be able to solve the formula Output / Input when there are many different outputs and inputs.

10. The real income distribution process is to be designated that which sides of the production processes to be given the parts of the income. To have optimum structures in the process, the real income distribution should be ma de excellent. After this, the production process figures are obtained by multiplying the figures of the real and income distribution processes. design

11. Measurement of partial productivity refers to the measurement solutions which do not meet the requirements of total productivity measurement, yet, being practicable as indicators of total productivity. In practice, measurement in production means measures of partial productivity. In that case, the objects of measurement are components of total productivity, and interpreted correctly, these components are indicative of productivity development. Only one part of Means Point out, show explain,

12.  Single – Factor productivity  Value – Added productivity  Unit cost accounting  Efficiency ratios  Managerial control ratio system

13.  To the workforce through better wages and conditions;  To shareholders and superannuation funds through increased profits and dividend distributions;  To customers through lower prices;  To the environment through more stringent environmental protection;  To governments through decreases in tax payments (which can be used to fund social and environmental programs). Salary for retired people Strict, strong

14. Productivity measures are often used to indicate the capacity of a nation to harness its human and physical resources to generate economic growth. Productivity measures are key indicators of economic performance and there is strong interest in comparing them internationally. Importance of national productivity growth: Productivity growth is a crucial source of growth in living standards. Productivity growth means more income is available to be distributed. important

15. Unit cost: The unit cost of something is the amount of money that is needed in order to buy, do or make it. Ratio: A ratio is a relationship between two numbers which shows how much greater one is than the other. Average: To describe a person or thing in order to indicate that they are typical or normal. Value: The value of something such as a quality or method is its importance or usefulness. Partial: A partial thing, state or quality is not complete or whole.