1. Chapter 5 Section 1
The Rise of Rome

2. Geography of Rome
Located on the Italian peninsula, in the center of the Mediterranean Sea.
The Alps are in the north
The Apennine mountains are on the eastern coast
Broad, fertile plains in the north and west

3. People Of Rome
Italy was originally settled by several groups of people
Two main groups were Greek colonists and the Etruscans (ih-truhs-kuh n)
The Etruscans ruled much of central Italy and Rome itself
Ancestors of the Romans, the Latins, settled in the area that is now Rome around 800 BCE

4. The Legend of the Founding of Rome
Legend is that twin brothers Romulus and Remus founded the city
Abandoned by their uncle, they were rescued by a she-wolf
Romulus & Remus quarreled about the city boundaries
Romulus killed Remus and Romulus became the first King of Rome - which was named after him.

5. Roman Political Structure
Romans drove out their Etruscan ruler and established a Republic
The romans did not want one person to have all the power
Patricians – Landholding upper class
Plebeians – Farmers, Merchants, Artisans, Traders
Senate – Governing Body
Consuls – Two Patricians
Dictator – Assigned to be in charge in the event of a war for over six months

6. Roman Social Structure
Plebeians have no say in the government
Eventually get to elect their own officials called tribunes
The males were head of the household and his wife and children could not question his authority
Women would eventually earn more rights such as owning property and businesses
All children were taught to read and write
The wealthy hired tutors for their children

7. Roman Religion
Romans were polytheistic – believed in several gods and goddesses
Many of the gods were adopted from the Greek gods
Rome had many celebrations that would honor the gods
Built elaberate temples to honor the gods
Greek Gods
Zeus – Ruler of all Gods
Hera – Wife Of Zeus
Poseidon – god of the sea
Roman Gods
Jupiter – Ruler of all Gods
Juno – Wife Of Zeus
Neptune – god of the sea

8. War and Conquest
Rome begins to build their empire by conquering the rest of Italy
By 270 BCE Rome controls most of the Italian Empire
Military is made up of Roman Citizens
Roman Justly Conquers – Allows those conquered to keep their culture, customs, and government as long as they supplied soldiers, paid taxes and, acknowledged Roman Leadership

9. The Punic Wars
Carthage had a large empire throughout the Mediterranean
Rome fought Carthage in three wars from 264 BCE to 146 BCE (118 Years)
By the Third Punic War, Rome finally destroyed Carthage and gained all of Carthage’s territory

10. In what ways did the Greeks Influence the Romans?