1. Where is my student?

2. Language Acquisition Language acquisition is a natural thing (Krashen, (1982)] Based upon receiving and understanding messages, building a listening vocabulary and slowly attempting verbal production of the language.

3. Nurturing Environment Teacher must Highly supportive Non stressful Student can participate at a level of comfort Silent or preproduction periods-Gestures, nods, or other physical responses

4. Role of the nurturing environment in supporting children’s language acquisition Students need many opportunities for language interaction. Children work together to solve problems

5. Children work together to solve problems and produce projects It gives them authentic reasons to communicate and support in refining their language production Students with the realization that their verbal communication is not always understood by others. Moves from receptive to semantic processing (listening to understand)

6. Seven Purposes for Using Language 1. Instrumental. The use of language to cause things to happen. (“bathroom” causes the teacher to take notice and excuse the student to the bathroom 2. Regulatory. The use of language to control events or the behavior of others. (“He hit me!”) causes the teacher to intervene on the child’s behalf 3. Representation. The use of language to communicate facts or knowledge. 4. Interactional. The use of language to get along with others

7. Continue purposes 5. Personal. The use of language to express personality, feelings, or emotions. ( “I sad”) is used to convey feelings. 6. Heuristic. The use of language to acquire knowledge. (“Show me”) is used to gain access to knowledge 7. Imaginative. The use of language to create an imaginative world for pleasure or play. “Pretend we are on a plan

8. Emotions on acquisition of language Affective filter hypothesis Stresses that for the student to learn effectively the students motivation and self-esteem must be supported while anxiety is diminished.

9. Understanding of Language Acquisitions Social Language (Basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS) 2 years- language for social situations Academic (cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) 5 to10 years –language used in academics

10. Stages of Second Language Acquisition Preproduction Early Production Speech Emergence Intermediate Fluency Advanced Fluency

11. The Five Stages Continuum Preproduction Early Production Speech Emergence Intermediate Advanced

12. Preproduction The Student 500 WORD RECEPTIVE VOCABULARY MINIMAL COMPREHENSION NO VERBAL PRODUCTION Approximate Time Frame 0-6 months

13. Sample Teacher Prompts and Questions for Each Stage Preproduction Teacher Prompts: Questions starting with “Show me” “Circle the...,” “Where is...?” and “Who has...?” Sample Prompt: “Show me the wolf.”

14. Early Production The Student Has limited comprehension Produces one or two word responses Participates using key words and familiar phrases Uses present tense verbs Approximate Time Frame 6 months to one year

15. Sample Teacher Prompts and Questions for Each Stage Early Production Teacher Prompts: Yes/no and either/or questions, questions with one- or two-word answers, lists, labels Sample Question: “Did the brick house fall down?”

16. Speech Emergence The student Has good comprehension Can produce simple sentences Makes grammar and pronunciation errors Frequently misunderstands jokes Approximate Time Frame 1-3 years

17. Sample Teacher Prompts and Questions for Each Stage (cont.) Speech Emergence Teacher Prompts: Questions starting with “Why...?” “How...?” and “Explain...” phrase or short-sentence answers Sample Prompt: “Explain why the third pig built his house out of bricks.”

18. Intermediate Fluency The student Has excellent comprehension Makes few grammatical errors Approximate Time Frame 3-5 years

19. Sample Teacher Prompts and Questions for Each Stage (cont.) Intermediate Fluency Teacher Prompts: Questions starting with “What would happen if...?” and “What do you think...?” Sample Question: “Why do you think the pigs were able to outsmart the wolf ?”

20. Advanced Fluency The student Has a near native level of speech Approximate Time Frame 5-7 years

21. Sample Teacher Prompts and Questions for Each Stage (cont.) Advanced Fluency Teacher Prompts: Questions starting with “Retell...” and “Decide Whether...” Sample Prompt: “Accurately summarize the story.”

23. The questions that p face as they raise ch_____ from i________ to adult life are not easy to an______. Both f_______ and m_______ can become concerned when health problems such as c______ may arise any time after the e____ stage to later life. Experts recommend that young ch_____ get plenty of s______ and nutritious food for healthy growth. B______ and g______ should not share the same b_______ or even sleep in the same r_______. They may be afraid of the d________.

24. The questions that poultrymen face as they raise chickens from incubation to adult life are not easy to answer. Both farmers and merchants can become concerned when health problems such as coccidiosis may arise any time after the egg stage to later life. Experts recommend that young chicks get plenty of sunshine and nutritious food for healthy growth. Banties and geese should not share the same barnyard or even sleep in the same roost. They may be afraid of the dark.