1. AP World History (11/26)  Do Now: Our next unit is called “Global Interactions: 1450- 1750 CE  What is going on in this picture? How might this help us understand the upcoming unit?

2. The Gods Must Be Crazy (1980)  How do the tribesmen and women react to the “gift” from the gods?  How does it affect their lives?  How might this clip assist us as we prepare for this unit (global interactions)?

3. Gunpowder and the lateen sail  During unit two, we discussed key inventions and discoveries like gunpowder and the lateen sail.  How might these two inventions or discoveries impact the time period 1450- 1750?

4. Context for change in Europe  Crusades had stimulated trade and contact between Middle East and Europe  Italian city-states like Genoa and Venice had become key crossroads in this trade  By 1450, the Renaissance was already underway in Italy  Renewed interest in Greek culture  Importance of Alexander’s conquest and Hellenistic world view  Humanism- interest in the capabilities and accomplishments of individuals  Beginning to challenge the authority of the Roman Catholic Church  Renewed interest in secular (of this world) rather than religious themes  Writers use the vernacular language (Italian) rather than Latin

5. Result of the Renaissance in Italy?  Urbanization had occurred due to importance of trade  Wealthy merchants and others become patrons (financial supporters) of the arts  Medici family  Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael  Catholic Church also sponsored many  Results?  Entrepreneurial spirit  Merchants (banking techniques, profit seeking)  City-state leaders (new ways to govern; political power based on individual ability rather than hereditary/divine connections)  Despite emphasis on secular, church still key  Many religious buildings  Religious themes in art/sculpture  Renaissance and humanistic ideas permeate entire culture and diffuse from Italy

6. Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa  How is this an example of humanist values?  Wife of wealthy merchant  Only wealthy could afford to commission a portrait  She is facing the viewer  We can engage with the subject  See who she really is (importance of individual)  An understanding of three dimensions  Perspective  Viewer can better understand relationship of subject and setting

7. The Creation of Adam (Michelangelo)-Find three examples of humanism

8. How an example of humanism?  Idealized figures of both god and man  God reclining-first time God portrayed this way  Intimate view of God  Spark between man and God-note Adam’s nonchalant pose (not one of fear)  Unity of natural and ideal beauty (harmony in human proportions)  Man in image/likeness of God  Adam and God are almost mirror images of each other  Interesting theories  Others claim that the figures and shapes surrounding the figure of God are an exact drawing of the human brain, in which the frontal lobe, brain stem and pituitary gland, are detectable, along with other parts of the cerebrum.  Still others have speculated that the red cloth surrounding God is in the shape of a human uterus, while the green-colored scarf at the bottom is actually a freshly cut umbilical cord.  http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/famous-paintings/creation-of- adam.htm

9. Another impact of humanism  Johann Gutenberg’s printing press  Humanist ideas now more widely available to a larger audience  Access to ideas-the individual can more easily think for themselves

10. Bring on the humanists!  For each of the individuals listed on the next slide, complete the following BRIEF analysis:  Identify the individual’s contribution to humanism  Provide a quote from this individual that connects to humanism  Explain how/why this individual had an impact on the spread of humanism during the Renaissance

11. The “H” list  Martin Luther  Niccolo Machiavelli  Nicholas Copernicus  Johannes Kepler  Galileo Galilei  John Locke (E)  Thomas Hobbes (E)  Jean Jacques Rousseau (E)  Adam Smith (E)  Voltaire (E)

12. Homework for next week  Read chapter ten (The Transformation of Europe) by 12/3  Terms:  Humanism  Johan Gutenberg (focus on how important with this term)  Indulgences  Scientific Revolution  The Enlightenment  Mercantilism

13. AP World History (12/2)  Do Now: What differences developed between Catholics and protestants during the 16 th and 17 th century? List as many differences as possible.  Make sure your list includes:  Sale of indulgences  Salvation through faith, not works  Church-had become a barrier between humans and God

14. Religious Wars  France  Calvinists vs. Catholics  Ended with Edict of Nantes (1598) granting tolerance to Protestants  Germany  30 years war (1618-1648)  Treaty of Westphalia-allows areas/cities to choose own religion  England  Division caused by Henry VIII’s daughters  Queen Mary-Catholic  Queen Elizabeth I-Protestant (Anglican Church)  What do the paintings on the next slides suggest about the effects of these religious wars?  Pay attention to light, color, positioning of objects (foreground/background), faces (emotions), etc.  What story does the picture tell?  What themes/big ideas might be suggested by this work?

15. Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé- the Battle of Lens on August 28, 1648

16. Diego Velazquez- Surrender of Breda (1634-35) What does the art historian have to say about this painting and its themes?

17. Impact of religious wars  religious pluralism (acceptance of multiple religions)  Impact of this religious pluralism?  Attempts at political consolidation  Hapsburg Family-keep rule in the family  Centered around ancestral homeland of Austria  Prevented by Protestants- Charles the V abdicates (1556)  Absolute Monarchs  Divine right of kings-God’s blessing on their authority  Louis the XIV (the Sun King-France)  Ferdinand and Isabella (Spain)  Constitutionalism  Great Britain and the Netherlands  Sharing power with parliament  Henry VIII needed their support in forming the Anglican Church  Queen Elizabeth needed funding for war and exploration  Civil War (1642-1651) -king vs. parliament (Charles the I beheaded)

18. AP World History (12/4)  Do Now: What does ACAPS mean? (Check back in your notes)  How can we use this to help us analyze primary sources?  A=Author  C=Context  A=Audience  P=Purpose  S=Significance

19. Chapter 11 terms  Treaty of Tordesillas  The caravel  Columbian Exchange  The Great Circuit  Joint stock companies  Encomienda system

20. AP World History (12/5)  Do Now: Read the two quotes below and record them in your notes.  How are these two quotes similar?  What key difference exists between the two quotes?  #1: The most high and absolute power in the realm consists in the Parliament.  English statesman, 1560  #2: Kings are called gods because they sit upon God’s throne on earth.  James I, early 1600s

21. Absolutism  The acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.  Impact of this concept on the English Civil War?

22. English Civil War reset  Context  Tudor dynasty (1485-1603)  Henry VIII (1509-1547)  Elizabeth I (1558-1603)  Tradition of working with Parliament  Henry-needed them to approve the Act of Supremacy (makes him head of Anglican Church)  Parliament often did as instructed, but grew accustomed to being consulted

23. Let’s get ready to rumble!!!  In this corner…  The Stuarts  Elizabeth had no male heir; Stuarts were her relatives  James I-did not work well with Parliament  Clashes over money and foreign policy  “I will not be content that my power be disputed upon.”  Dissolves Parliament (1604)  Charles I (1625)-also practices absolutism  Reconvenes Parliament because he needs money  Dissolves it in 1629  Supporters called Cavaliers  And in this corner…  Puritans/Oliver Cromwell  Belief that the king/ruler NEEDED to consult Parliament on key social, political, and financial decisions  Worried also about religious direction of country  Concerned with Anglican church becoming too Catholic in its practices  Reduce the power of the bishops  Simpler services  Supporters called Roundheads

24. Time for some action…  1637-Charles I tries to impost the Anglican prayer book on Scotland  Calvinist-they revolt  Charles needs Parliament to fund an army to put down the revolt  Parliament revolts  Attempts (and succeeds) in execution of Charles chief ministers  Including archbishop  Charles attempts to arrest the leaders of the revolt in 1642  War is on!!

25. Effects of English Civil War  Lasts from 1642-1649  Charles I executed  Shocking event-a ruling monarch executed by his own people  Establishment of the Commonwealth (1649)  A new uprising-Supporters of Charles II (rightful heir) attack England  Put down by Cromwell  Catholics-exiled in 1652 (by order of Parliament)  Focus-military rule and strict Puritan ways  Commonwealth gives way to restoration of the Stuarts  Falls apart after death of Cromwell (1658)  Charles II  restores Anglican Church  Accept s Petition of Right (Parliament’s rights within the government), but still practices absolutism  James II (1685)  Flaunted his Catholic faith  Leads to Glorious Revolution of 1688 (limit of royal power under William and Mary)