1. Native American Pluralism Discussion
Period 3

2. Characteristics of the Hohokam, Anasazi, Cahokia
Animism
More resourceful and conservation towards their environment
Little to no desire to conquer
Different conceptions of private property
Valued communication with natural forces
Environmentally friendly for religious reasons rather than ecological
Driven by fear of spirits
Dreams and visions important in their reality

3. Characteristics of the Pequot
Designated gender roles
Women work just as much as men, typically involved in farming and manufacturing of essentials
Men built canoes and hunted
Emphasis on sharing and spreading material wealth due to semi-nomadic nature
government, - chief, sachem, representative of people. Chief controls property but representatives voice concerns to chief
No political unity between ethnic groups
Very efficient horticultural system

4. Characteristics of the Powhatan
Women played the role of gatherers and tenders of crop
Men hunted
Chesapeake Bay region provided them transportation for trade
Polytheistic culture worshipping, Okeus was the most worshipped because of fear component
Algonquin warfare – go into tribe’s area, attack, retreat, and take casualties and still consider victory (strain of guerilla warfare
Smaller chiefdoms under central leader Powhatan
More of a military alliance where all answered to Powhatan
Council of veteran warriors
Shamans wielded advisory power as well

5. Characteristics of the Iroquois
No central political power to govern people
Relied on ceremonies to keep peace between factions
Made up of five nations called the Great League that maintained autonomy
Different perspective of themselves than others had of them.
Early enemies are the French and greatest ally are Huron in beginning
Heavily invested in the Fur Trade
America’s Sparta
Mourning Wars as a form of retribution/adoption
Vengeance is valued

6. A Cultural Comparison (P3)
Native American Groups
European Groups
Respect for nature Did not value material wealth Less naval and firearm technology Worshipped deities based on fear No centralized political unity Ritualized gender roles in occupation
Attempt to control nature (profit driven) Expansionist and imperialist Innovative in exploration knowledge Largest motivations were material wealth and missionary zeal Ethnocentrism