1. Summary Pictorial and Graphical Look at Enzymes

2. Why are enzymes needed?
Speed up the rate of the hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis of the 4 biochemical organic molecules (carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) that make us up and and what we take into our bodies

3. WHAT IS ACTIVATION ENERGY?
WHICH REACTION HAS HIGHER ACTIVATION ENERGY?
WHICH REACTION HAS LOWER ACTIVATION ENERGY?

4. Pictoral Analysis
Activation Energy= initial energy needed in a chemical reaction
Graph A
Higher (more) activation energy needed for a reaction that DOES NOT use an enzyme
Graph B
Lower (less) activation energy needed for a reaction that DOES use an enzyme

5. How an enzymes works? Enzyme Action (Hydrolysis)
Substrate- substance enzyme acts on (sucrose or any other macromolecule)
Substrate fit into the enzyme like a lock and key or induced (wrap around) fit. Induced fit (more than one substrate may fit)
Forms an enzyme substrate complex
Substrate gets converted into product
Products are released and the enzyme can be used again

6. USE THE VOCABULARY TO DESCRIBE WHAT IS GOING ON IN THIS ENZYMATIC REACTION

7. Enzymes in Action and can be reused again

8. Graphical Look at Enzyme Action
Activation energy is higher (LARGE ARROW) no enzyme used to speed up the chemical reaction
This type of graph is called an endergonic reaction graph
Endergonic= absorbs energy. Product is higher than reactant
substrate
Activation energy
products
Activation energy
products
substrate

9. Graphical Look at Enzyme Action
Graph 2- Comparison
Graph B has a higher activation energy (no enzyme used)in comparison to Graph C (enzyme is used)
This is an exergonic reaction
Exergonic- energy is released
Which reaction will be first to reach completion?

10. Enzymes Activity at Various pH
Each enzyme has the best (optimal) condition at which they function
What are the optimal pH values for the graphs on the left

11. Enzyme Activity and Temperature
Different enzymes work best at speeding up biochemical reactions various temperatures
If enzymes are heated too high they can become denatured
Denatured= damaged, protein is non-functional

12. Summary on Enzymes Enzymes are protein molecules
Enzymes can be reused again
Enzymes help to speed up biochemical reactions in living things
Enzymes lower the activation energy therefore speeding up the biochemical reaction
Use the lock and key or induced fit model to carry out biochemical reaction
Enzymes are influenced by pH, temperature, amount of substrate and enzyme present