1. Business and Computing Deanery Multimedia Week 17 More on modelling

2. Multimedia 2 Last week Lecture 3D modelling Parametric modelling Supported session Work on your first portfolio Work on 3ds max tutorials

3. Multimedia 3 This week Lecture Planning your model Boolean 2D to 3D Polygon modelling Supported session Work on your first portfolio Work on 3ds max tutorials

4. Multimedia 4 Plan your model Massing model? Use a graphic or scan? Set up your grid Set up a file/folder system

5. Multimedia 5 Sketch or Storyboard Adventure Gamers : Dreamfall: from sketch to 3D model (2005)

6. Multimedia 6 Accuracy Imagine a pen How would you model it? Now look at a real pen Details make a big difference Practice to be imperfect Why?

7. Multimedia 7 References Using reference materials will improve the quality of your model Build a reference library The object itself Photographs Drawings Video

8. Multimedia 8 Modeller concepts Four types of modelling systems: Parametric Polygon Spline Patch Many pieces of software combine two or more of these basic techniques Giambruno M, (2002)

9. Multimedia 9 3D Booleans Powerful sculpting tools Multiple objects Usually destructive 3ds max v7

10. Multimedia 10 Union Boolean Union or addition The intersecting or overlapping portion of the geometry is removed. 3ds max v7

11. Multimedia 11 Intersection Boolean Intersection Where they overlap 3ds max v7

12. Multimedia 12 Subtraction Subtraction (or difference) The Boolean object contains the volume of one original object with the intersection volume subtracted from it a - b b - a 3ds max v7

13. Multimedia 13 Activity Make a fruit bowl using Boolean

14. Multimedia 14 2D One method of creating a complex 3D object Convert the lines into 3D objects Visualise and define cross-sections Proper scale

15. Multimedia 15 2D to 3D - Extrusion 3ds max v7

16. Multimedia 16 2D to 3D - Lathing Create a path Choose an axis 3ds max v7

17. Multimedia 17 2D to 3D – Sweep or Loft Create a 2D shape Create a path Cap or close the ends? 3ds max v7

18. Multimedia 18 2D to 3D - Skin Create a number of cross-sections Skin them 3ds max v7

19. Multimedia 19 Activity Draw a 2D shape and extrude it Create another 2D shape and lath it Create a 2D shape, a path and create a loft Find out how to do a skin

20. Multimedia 20 Surface Modelling More free form than geometric (parametric) modelling. A subdivision surface is a surface that has been divided into more faces while retaining the object's general shape Subdivision adds more detail to an object, or to smooth it out Use modifier stack to “collapse” a parametric model to some form of editable surface.

21. Multimedia 21 Why surface modelling? Great flexibility in modelling Game engines expect a mesh Default model type During rendering polygons are ‘smoothed out’ Meshes allow the optimisation of models Reduce the number of faces Low polygon modelling Reduce rendering time Key part of successful production

22. Multimedia 22 Mesh objects Early versions of Max used triangles All faces were coplanar Good for the rendering engine Over time rendering engines have been modified Polygon modelling without subdivision More efficient Eliminated extra edges More control over the polygon object

23. Multimedia 23 Meshes Triangles Vertex Edge Face Polygons Vertex Edge Border Polygon Element 3ds max v7

24. Multimedia 24 Mesh or poly - which to use? History lesson Initially Max only supported mesh objects Subdividing the mesh into triangular faces ensured that all faces were coplanar Guaranteed to render well Over time rendering engines have been modified to handle polygons Makes the model more efficient Eliminates all the extra edges required to triangulate the mesh Murdock K.L. (2005)

25. Multimedia 25 Converting to editable objects Use the Quad menu Or Right click the object in the Modifier Stack 3ds max v7

26. Multimedia 26 Editing a polygon model Convert an object into a editable polygon Removes all parametric controls, including the creation parameters If a modifier has been applied to an object you need to use the Collapse All command first Combines the stack operations Cannot undo, save a backup file

27. Multimedia 27 Editable Mesh Surface Polygon mesh 3ds max v7

28. Multimedia 28 Edit face Faces provide the renderable surface of an object. 3ds max v7

29. Multimedia 29 Extrude Soft selection Extrude Bevel 3ds max v7

30. Multimedia 30 Activity Make a crown Create a tube Convert to an editable mesh Extrude polygons

31. Multimedia 31 Soft selection The Soft Selection controls allow you to partially select sub- objects in the vicinity of an explicit selection This causes the explicit selection to behave as if surrounded by a "magnetic field" 3ds max v7

32. Multimedia 32 Working with vertices Select one or more vertices Magnetic of soft selection Use for transforms of vertices The program applies a spline curve deformation to unselected vertices surrounding the transformed selected sub- object A magnet-like effect with a sphere of influence around the transformation 3ds max v7

33. Multimedia 33 Activity Create a sphere Convert to an editible polygon Push and pull vertices to make a face Not easy!

34. Multimedia 34 Edit Edge An edge is a line, visible or invisible, forming the side of a face and connecting two vertices Two faces can share a single edge 3ds max v7

35. Multimedia 35 Edges Real objects rarely have a sharp edge Bevel or chamfer Radius Fillet 3ds max v7

36. Multimedia 36 Optimization Simplifies a smooth model with a high number of faces Does not greatly change the model’s appearance 3ds max v7

37. Multimedia 37 Low polygon modelling What happens to a realtime model if the polycount in a model is too high? Too slow May crash the system Overlapping meshes or undeleted faces may affect the appearance Planning of low polygon models is important

38. Multimedia 38 Poly counts Total number of polygons that make up a given object 3D engines have limits Number they can move around in a given scene Software has a Polygon Counter utility You can set a budget fop elected objects Unnecessary polygons can be removed Use MultiRes Polygons can be made to look softer Use MeshSmooth

39. Multimedia 39 Box models and textures Simple way to add detail Keeps model simple Box with a texture added More later with materials 3ds max v7

40. Multimedia 40 Low poly techniques No new skills Greater precision Decisions on where to invest detail Decisions on where to simplify 3ds max v7

41. Multimedia 41 Mesh structure Several meshes are attached to make a single object Either Weld the meshes together to form one mesh Or separate them by a fractional amount Do not intersect meshes Delete any hidden faces

42. Multimedia 42 Metaballs or Blobby surfaces Build a form from various sized objects Blend the surfaces together into a single mass

43. Multimedia 43 Terrains Terrain objects can be created from contour line data Editable splines are selected a mesh surface created over the contours 3ds max v7

44. Multimedia 44 Self assessment Name and describe two different methods to model a fruit bowl What are the four types of modelling concepts used by modelling software? Discuss the four methods of converting 2D shapes to 3D Give an example of each for constructing everyday objects

45. Multimedia 45 For Next Week Work on Portfolio 2.1 Work on your presentation Work on the 3ds max tutorials Directed reading chapter 5 Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition

46. Multimedia 46 References Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 Kerlow I. V., (2003) The Art of 3-D Computer Animation and Effects, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc; ISBN: 0471430366 Murdock K.L., (2005) 3DS Max 7 Bible, John Wiley & Sons Inc, ISBN: 0764579711 Screen shots taken from 3ds max 7 User Reference