1. Urban Geography What is a city?
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2. Population United States definition= 2500 Japan’s definition= 30,000
What is the problem with population alone as a definition ?

3. Cities
City – a conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics.

4. When and Why did People Start Living in Cities?
Key Question:
When and Why did People Start Living in Cities?

5. Origins of the city
People moved to cities for employment, protection, and to be apart of civilization
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6. The First Urban Revolution
Two components enable the
formation of cities:
1. an agricultural surplus
2. social stratification
(a leadership class)

7. Five Hearths of Urbanization
In each of these hearths, an agricultural surplus and social stratification created the conditions necessary for cities to form and be maintained.

8. The Second Urban Revolution
A large scale movement of people to cities to work in manufacturing. Made possible by:
1. second agricultural revolution that improved food production and created a larger surplus
2. industrialization, which encouraged growth of cities near industrial resources

9. Industrialized regions of Europe, 1914

10. Urbanization The process by which a city grows
The two dimensions of urbanization
Increase in the number of people living in the city
Increase in the percentage of people living in the city
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11. Shenzhen, China The Modern Process of Urbanization –
a rural area can become urbanized quite quickly in the modern world

12. Shenzhen, China
Shenzhen changed from a fishing village to a major metropolitan area in just 25 years. 25 years ago, all of this land was duck ponds and rice paddies.

13. Urbanization 1800 only 3% of The World’s population lived in cities
London the only city over 1 million citizens
2000 almost half of the World’s population inhabit cities
400 cities with at least 1 million
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14. Cities with 10 million
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15. Suburbanization Definition
Movement of upper and middle-class people from core areas to surrounding outskirts.
Suburban means territory inside the metropolitan area that lies outside the central city
Suburbs have been growing faster than central cities for a century
The process began in the mid-nineteenth century but became a mass phenomenon in the late-twentieth century.

16. The U. S. suburban population grew from 26. 7% in 1950 to 49
The U. S. suburban population grew from 26.7% in 1950 to 49.8% in 2000.

17. Causes of Suburban Growth
Six Reasons:
Government policies
Government financing of a system of metropolitan expressways
Land within the legal boundaries of the city had already been developed
Suburban housing costs were initially lower
Demographic changes
Preference of single-family homes with own lots

18. Where are Cities Located and Why?
Key Question: For Tomorrow
Where are Cities Located and Why?

19. Site and Situation Site Situation * absolute location of a city
* a city’s static location, often chosen for trade, defense, or religion.
Situation
* relative location of a city
* a city’s place in the region and the world around it.