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WAVES Chapter 12 Physics
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Waves transfer what? ENERGY!!!!
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What are the two main types of waves? MECHANICAL WAVES ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
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Which type of wave requires a medium? MECHANICAL WAVES Electromagnetic waves do NOT need a medium.
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What are 3 examples of Mechanical Waves? Water waves Sound waves Seismic waves
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What are some examples of Electromagnetic Waves? Radio waves
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Microwaves
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Infrared light Visible light Ultraviolet light
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X-rays Gamma Rays
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What are the colors of Visible Light? R O Y G B I V
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R O Y G B I VR O Y G B I V RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE INDIGO VIOLET
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Which color is the HIGHEST energy wave? VIOLET
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Which color is the LOWEST energy wave? RED
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What 3 characteristics do All Waves have? Amplitude Wavelength Frequency
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What does the size of the amplitude of a wave tell us? HIGH AMPLITUDE = HIGH AMOUNTS OF ENERGY LOW AMPLITUDE = LOW AMOUNTS OF ENERGY
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What unit do we use to measure Wavelengths in? Meters
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What greek letter do we use to represent a wavelength? Lambda
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What are the 3 units we can use for Frequency of a wave? Waves / second Cycles / second 1/s = Hertz (Hz)
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Frequency Example Problem 1.A boy standing on a dock counts 20 waves pass by in 5 seconds. What is the frequency of the waves? f = #waves / time 20 waves / 5 seconds = 4 Hz
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Frequency Example Problem #2 2.If the frequency of the waves is increased to 8 Hz, how many waves will pass by the boy in 2 seconds? f = #waves / time 8 Hz = #waves / 2 seconds 8 Hz x 2 seconds = 16 waves
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Name the 2 types of Mechanical waves. TRANSVERSE WAVES LONGITUDINAL WAVES
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Which type of wave form crests and troughs? TRANSVERSE
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Longitudinal wave do not have crests and troughs, instead they have what? COMPRESSIONS RAREFACTIONS
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How does the medium move when a longitudinal wave moves through it? The medium vibrates horizontally.
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Surface Waves move both horizontally and vertically simultaneously, which produces what kind of movement? Circular
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Speed of Waves What is the wave equation? V = f speed = frequency times wavelength
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SPEED OF WAVES speed = frequency x wavelength v = f x λ Example #1 A wave on a lake is traveling with a velocity of 8 m/s. the frequency is 2 Hz. What is the wavelength of this wave? 8 m/s = 2 Hz x λ λ = 4 m Speed of a wave example http://www.acoustics.salford.ac.uk/schools/teacher/lesson1/lesson1interactive.html
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Name the 4 ways waves interact. Reflection Refraction Diffraction Interference
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Explain reflection of a wave. Bouncing back of a wave after it strikes a boundary.
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Explain Refraction. The change in path of a wave when it moves into a medium of a different density.
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2.REFRACTION Bending of waves due to a change in speed. Short tutorial/animation to watch. http://www.wiley.com/college/strahler/0471480533/animations/ch19_animations/animation2.html http://www.wiley.com/college/strahler/0471480533/animations/ch19_animations/animation2.html
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Explain Diffraction. The curving of waves around barriers and ability of waves to spread out in circular pattern after passing through a narrow opening. See picture below.
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3. DIFFRACTION Bending of waves around the edge of an obstacle.
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What are the 2 types of Interference? Constructive Destructive
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Which of the pictures below is an example of Constructive Interference? The picture on the left is constructive interference. The picture on the right is destructive interference.
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4. INTERFERENCE 1. CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE When waves combine and produce a wave that is greater than either of the waves alone.
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2. DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE When waves combine and produce a wave that is less than either wave alone.
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Applet Interference by 3 waves simultaneously. Constructive interference applet http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/waves/interferenc e/waveInterference1/WaveInterference1.html Both Constructive/Destructive interference applet http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/waves/interferenc e/waveInterference2/WaveInterference2.html
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Nodes and Antinodes are parts of what kind of wave? Standing Wave
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NODES Stationary points of a standing wave. ANTINODES Loops of a standing wave where maximum oscillation of the medium occurs.
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The frequency at which a standing wave occurs is called what? Resonant Frequency Sometimes called Natural Frequency.
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STANDING WAVES RESONANT FREQUENCY (or natural frequency) The frequency at which a standing wave occurs.
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