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The Characteristics of Matter
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States of Matter Solid: Liquid: Gas: Plasma:
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States of Matter Solid: definite volume & shape, hard to compress, dense Liquid: Gas: Plasma:
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States of Matter Solid: definite volume & shape, hard to compress, dense Liquid: definite volume, takes shape of container, hard to compress, somewhat dense Gas: Plasma:
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States of Matter Solid: definite volume & shape, hard to compress, dense Liquid: definite volume, takes shape of container, hard to compress, somewhat dense Gas: indefinite volume, fills container, easy to compress, not dense Plasma:
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States of Matter Solid: definite volume & shape, hard to compress, dense Liquid: definite volume, takes shape of container, hard to compress, somewhat dense Gas: indefinite volume, fills container, easy to compress, not dense Plasma: like gas but ionized (with + or – charge)
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Phase Changes (Changes of State)
Solid liquid: Liquid solid: Liquid gas: Gas liquid: Solid gas: Gas solid: Gas plasma: Plasma gas:
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Phase Changes (Changes of State)
Solid liquid: melting Liquid solid: freezing (solidification) Liquid gas: boiling (evaporation) Gas liquid: condensation Solid gas: sublimation Gas solid: deposition Gas plasma: ionization Plasma gas: recombination
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Phase Changes (Changes of State)
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Phase Changes in Water Boiling point of water =
Melting point of water = Freezing point of water =
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Phase Changes in Water Boiling point of water = 373.15K
Melting point of water = K Freezing point of water = K
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Phase Changes in Water Boiling point of water = 373.15K
Melting point of water = K Freezing point of water = K Notice that these are the same? They are interchangeable
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The Kinetic Molecular Theory
Particles are always moving The more energy they have, the faster they move Heat is the measure of total kinetic energy Temperature is the average kinetic energy of all the molecules
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How Do Thermometers Work?
Thermometers measure temperature Filled with alcohol (or mercury) which expand (increase in volume) with energy (heat) Moving particles collide with thermometer, transferring kinetic energy to liquid in thermometer When liquids gain energy, they expand and there is only one direction they can go – up!
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How Do Thermometers Work?
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The Kinetic Molecular Theory
Solid particles: closely packed (dense), low energy and little space to move so they vibrate in place Liquids particles: more space and more energetic so they can flow (slide past each other) Gas particles: lots of space, most energetic and move freely within a container
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Homework Read Hebden p.44-52
HW check on p.44 #13 and p.52 #33, 35-41, 44
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