1. AGE OF EXPLORATIONAGE OF EXPLORATION

2. THE VIKINGSTHE VIKINGS First to discover North America Clues first appeared in written stories called sagas. The sagas suggested that Bjarni Herjolfsson and Leif the Lucky had sailed to the new lands west and south of Greenland

3. THE VIKINGS SAGA: BJARNI HERJOLFSSON In the year 1000, Bjarni Herjulfson, went to visit his father in Iceland to spend the winter with him. Bjarni had found that his Father had moved to Greenland. In an effort to find if father he ended up finding three islands. Back to Greenland.

4. THE VIKINGS SAGA: LEIF ERICKSON Leif Erickson, who lived in Greenland, was excited about finding the New Land. With crew of 30 men and sailed to the three places Bjarni had found. They went first to Helluland and then to Markland and then on to a place he named Vinland the Good. It was named Vinland because of the grapes. (Believed to be Newfoundland)

5. THE VIKINGS SAGA: THORVALD ERICKSON Leif's brother. Also went to "Vinland the Good" to explore spent the winter and summer there. Encountered nine "Skraelings" American Indians. The Vikings killed 8 of them but one escaped. The was a conflict between the two groups and the only person hit was Thorvald. He became the first Viking to be buried in North America.

7. L’ANSE AUX MEADOWSL’ANSE AUX MEADOWS Helge and Anne Ingstad from Norway. Hypothesized that the Vikings had discovered North America 500 years before Columbus arrived. 1960s they found L’anse aux Meadows and the remains houses like houses in Norway and Greenland. They also found Viking jewelry, tools and iron nails.

8. BRAIN POP: CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS HTTP://WWW.BRAINPOP.COM/

9. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUSCHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Influenced Marco Polo and his travels. Columbus believed that if you traveled east by land, you arrived in the Indian islands off the coast of Asia. If you traveled west, you could reach India by water- faster and cheaper. Columbus moved to Lisbon, Portugal. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella funded his trip. Columbus made his famous voyage in 1492. 3 ships were the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. He reached the land at the island of San Salvador (Haiti and the Dominican Republic). He was convinced he arrived in India his was not the only one to make this mistake. He made 3 more voyages across the Atlantic Ocean in the next 10 years.

10. ROUTES OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUSROUTES OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

11. JOHN CABOTJOHN CABOT Homeland: Venice, Italy Project: A voyage to discover an all-water route to the riches (spices)of Asia. Sponsor: King Henry VII of England Discoveries: Probably NFLD and/or Cape Breton Island. Outcomes: Little is known about Cabot’s life up to 1497. In 1498, he set out on a 2 nd trip and was never was never seen again. Cabot’s crossing of the Atlantic had lasting results.: – He made England’s first claim to territory in North America. – He found an unlimited supply of Cod fish. In Catholic societies, eating of meat 153 days a year was prohibited. English fishermen became regular visitors.

12. ROUTES OF JOHN CABOTROUTES OF JOHN CABOT

13. JACQUES CARTIERJACQUES CARTIER Homeland: France Projects: To search for an all-water passage to Asia and then to follow the St. Lawrence River in hope of finding riches closer to home. Sponsor: King Francis I of France Discoveries: Various parts of NFLD and parts of what are now NS (Cape Breton), PEI, NB and QUE. Much of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence River. Outcomes: Had three voyages: 1534, 1535, and 1541 Made contact with Aboriginal People He did not discover the riches of the East or a route to them. French leaders lost interest, as they were after diamonds and gold and not beaver pelts. About 50years later, Europeans became interested in North American furs. Fur traders, fishermen and map makers were all crossing the Atlantic.

14. ROUTES OF JACQUES CARTIERROUTES OF JACQUES CARTIER

15. SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAINSAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN Homeland: France Projects: To help French explorers on fur-trading voyages by acting as a map maker Sponsor: King Henry IV of France appointed Champlain Royal geographer Discovery: The St. Lawrence River as far as the Lachine Rapids in 1603; the coastline of North America, from present-day NS to present-day Massachusetts in 1604-05 Outcomes: In 1604, he went with Sieur de Monts to the Bay of Fundy. De Monts had been granted a monopoly on the fur trade. In return, he was to start a colony. They spent the winter on the island of St. Croix, where many men died of scurvy. In 1605, they moved to Port Royal where he explored the Atlantic coast and made careful maps of NS, NB, Maine and Massachusetts. The maps were so accurate that sailors could use them today. Many places along the coast still have the names Champlain gave them more than 350 years ago. In 1608, he moved to a location what is now Quebec on the St. Lawrence river. He developed the rest of his life to the development of a fur-trading colony.

16. ROUTES OF SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAINROUTES OF SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN

17. HENRY HUDSONHENRY HUDSON 1609-11 Discoveries: Hudson River and Hudson Bay

18. ETIENNE BRULEPIERRE RADISSON AND MEDARD GROSEILLIERS 1609-32 Discoveries: South of Lake Ontario 1650s Discoveries: Sault Ste. Marie Region; north shore of Lake Superior

19. LOUIS JOLIET AND FATHER DANIEL DULHUT JACQUES MARQUETTE 1669-73 Discoveries: Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron; Lake Michigan and upper Mississippi River 1680s Discoveries: Region south and west of Lake Superior

20. LA SALLE AND FATHER HENRY KELSEY LOUIS HENNEPIN 1669-82 Discoveries: Lakes Ontario and Erie; Niagara, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to the Gulf of Mexico 1690-92 Discoveries: Buffalo country of Northern Saskatchewan and possibly Alberta

21. PIERRE LA VERENDYREANTHONY HENDAY 1731-43 Discoveries: West of Lake Superior as far as the Saskatchewan River and south to South Dakota 1754-55 Discoveries: First European to travel west to within sight of the Rockies

22. SAMUEL HEARNEALEXANDER MACKENZIE 1770-72 Discoveries: Overland to the mouth of the Coppermine River on the Arctic Ocean 1789, 1793 Discoveries: Down the MacKenzie River to the Arctice Ocean; overland to the Pacific

23. GEORGE VANCOUVER SIR JOHN FRANKLIN 1791-95 Discoveries: Vancouver Island and much of the coast of BC Early 1800s Discoveries: Canada’s vast northland of coastline, waterways and islands