1. Anglicanism and Calvinism Essential Question-Why is Freedom of Religion considered a valuable liberty in the USA? Warm-Up-How would America be different if there was no Separation of Church and State (If the Gov’t controlled religion)?

2. HENRY and His Many, Many Wives….

3. Katherine of Aragon Age 3, promised to Henry VII eldest son Prince Arthur. Age 16, married Prince Arthur until he died 6 months later. Age 23, married King Henry VIII on June 11 th 1509 in Greyfriars Church, Greenwich. Age 30, gave birth to Princess Mary. Age 47, King Henry divorced her to marry Anne Boleyn. Died 7 th January 1536 of a broken heart, aged 50.

4. Anne Boleyn She was a lady-in-waiting to Henry VIII sister in France. Aged about 31, she married King Henry VIII on January 25 th 1533 in Westminster Abbey. Aged about 31, she gave birth to Princess Elizabeth. Accused of witchcraft and treason she was sentenced to death by her own uncle. Died 19 th May 1536 in the Tower of London, she was beheaded, aged about 34.

5. Jane Seymour Aged between 27-32, she married King Henry VIII on 20th May 1536 in York Place. It is said that she was the favourite wife of Henry VIII. On 12 th October 1537 she gave birth to Prince Edward. Jane grew sick after giving birth. She died on 24 th October 1537, aged between 28-33.

6. Anne of Cleves Holbein, a famous artist from the era, was commissioned to paint her portrait for Henry VIII before he met her. Age 24, married King Henry VIII on January 6 th 1540 in Greyfriars Church, Greenwich. 4 months later she allowed King Henry VIII to have the marriage annulled. Henry ensured she was well taken care of and she lived a happy independent life with many homes in England. Died 1557 of illness aged 41.

7. Kathryn Howard Henry called her his ‘Rose without a Thorn’. Aged about 19, she married King Henry VIII on July 28 th 1540 in Oatlands Palace, Surrey. Accused of adultery she was sentenced to death. Died 13 th February 1542 in the Tower of London, she was beheaded, aged about 20.

8. Katharine Parr Born in 1512. She was twice widowed and childless. Aged 30, she married King Henry VIII on 12 th July 1543 in Hampton Court Palace. Henry tried to have her sentenced to death but was unsuccessful Henry passed away 28 th January 1547. She promptly married Thomas Seymour, brother of Jane Seymour, as soon as Henry died. Katharine had a baby girl on the 30 th August 1548 but soon became ill and passed away 6 days later aged 35.

9. Henry VIII Henry VIII was king of England Had grown very tired of Catholic Pope taking English land (Church controlled 1/3 of good land in England) & asked for large tithe (tax) on England’s treasury Wanted divorce from wife because she could not bear him a male child; Pope refused

10. Anglicanism Act of Succession Church of EnglandAnglican Church Henry was furious and asked Parliament to declare an Act of Succession (a piece of legislation that granted King Henry VIII the Royal Supremacy ) in 1534. This in turn made him the head of the Church of England (or the new Anglican Church) – This made for a division: the Catholic Church and The Church of England. – The Church of England or the Anglican religion was of the New Protestant faith based heavily on ideas of Catholic Church, BUT… – Monarch of England would be ultimate authority, not Pope.

11. Anglicanism Basic Ideas of Anglicanism: – Belief in original sin, so Baptism is necessary ritual – Salvation achieved by faith alone (Justification by Faith) – King is authority of Church with hierarchy of bishops & priests – Bible & church services were in English (vernacular)

12. Protestant Reformation Continues… Another Protestant Faith: Calvinism

13. Protestant Reformation A brief Recap… Prior to the Reformation, almost everyone in Western Europe was Roman Catholic—dominant religion of the Middle Ages Many people criticized Catholic Church corruption (Wycliffe, Huss, Erasmus)

14. Protestant Reformation, the recap continues… In 1517, after Martin Luther’s 95 Theses & Diet of Worms, first Protestant faith began (Lutheranism) 1534, Henry VIII of England created Anglicanism (Church of England)

15. Calvinism (no longer recap, new stuff) John Calvin was born in France & became Protestant (someone who protested against Catholic Church) but left for Switzerland because of oppression in France In 1536, started new Protestant faith called Calvinism

16. Calvinism Basic ideas of Calvinism: – Predestination – Predestination—God determined those who were going to heaven & hell before people are born – Those going to heaven called “the Elect” were chosen by God to be saved & would avoid all sin – “The Elect” should rule society as government leaders— Theocracy -a system of government in which priests or the elect rule in the name of God or a god.

17. Calvinism – Overthrow gov’t leaders (like kings) who didn’t prove to be “elect” (if they committed sin) – Church rules are also laws; committing a sin is breaking law & punishable by a court

18. Calvinism Protestant Work Ethic Calvinists live by strict code to avoid sin (called Protestant Work Ethic): – Cannot dance, sing, play cards, gamble, swear, go to theater, drink alcohol, wear jewelry or bright clothing – Church 5 times a week; in bed by 9:00 – Kids can have only Christian names – Homes inspected once a year – Punishment for breaking rules: prison, excommunication, exile, death

19. Calvinism – Calvinists believed that hard work & obeying code would show that they were “elect” & were going to heaven – Calvin established theocratic community in Geneva, Switzerland with 20,000 citizens – Geneva became successful model for other Calvinist communities

20. John Knox Scottish preacher who visited Geneva. Put Calvinist ideas into place in Scotland in 1559 Presbyterians Communities were led by presbyters, so followers of Knox became Presbyterians 1567, Knox & Presbyterians overthrew Catholic queen & established Calvinism as official religion of Scotland