1. Slide 1 hypothalamus pituitary gland adrenal glands ovaries testes pineal gland thyroid gland parathyroid glands thymus gland pancreatic islets Figure 15.2 (1) Page 269

2. Slide 2 HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY GLAND anterior lobeposterior lobe bone at base of cranial cavity Figure 15.2 (2) Page 269

3. Slide 3 receptor hormone- receptor complex gene product steroid hormone diffuses into cell diffuses into nucleus Figure 15.3 Page 270

4. Slide 4 glucagon receptor cyclic AMP ATP cAMP activates protein kinase A glucagon Protein kinase A converts phosphorylase kinase to active form and inhibits an enzyme required for glucagon synthesis. Figure 15.4 Page 271

5. Slide 5 cell bodies in hypothalamus synthesize ADH or oxytocin ADH, oxytocin move down axons small vessels carry hormones to general circulation cell body axon action potentials cause release of hormones, which capillaries pick up capillaries

6. Slide 6 posterior lobe of pituitary kidney tubulesmammary glands smooth muscle in wall of the uterus ADH oxytocin Figure 15.5b Page 273

7. Slide 7 capillary bed in base of hypothalamus cell bodies of secretory neurons in hypothalamus secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones capillary bed in anterior pituitary endocrine cells in anterior pituitary lobe affected by releasing and inhibiting hormones hormones secreted by anterior lobe enter small blood vessels, then general circulation Figure 15.6a Page 273

8. Slide 8 anterior lobe of pituitary mammary glands adrenal cortex thyroidgonads growth-promoting effects on most cells ACTH PRL FSH LH both act on: TSH STH (GH) Figure 15.6b Page 273

9. Slide 9 hypothalamus anterior pituitary adrenal cortex CRH ACTH cortisol STIMULUS: blood level of glucose falls too low adrenal cortex adrenal medulla adrenal gland kidney blood glucose level rises; leads to inhibition of cortisol secretion glucose, amino acids, fatty acids enter blood 1. Blood glucose uptake inhibited. 2. Proteins degraded in many tissues. Free amino acids converted to glucose. 3. Fats in adipose tissue degraded to fatty acids, released to blood as alternative energy sources. Figure 15.8 Page 276

10. Slide 10 thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) blood vessel trachea (windpipe) thyroid gland Figure 15.9a Page 277

11. Slide 11 epiglottis pharynx thyroid gland parathyroid glands In-text figure Page 278

12. Slide 12 Cell, especially muscle, takes up glucose and uses it or converts it to glycogen. Liver converts glucose to glycogen, fats, proteins. Blood glucose levels decline to a set point; stimulus calling for insulin diminishes. Stimulus: Cells use or store glucose between meals. Alpha cells of pancreas release glucagon into blood. Liver converts glycogen to glucose, stops synthesizing glycogen. Blood glucose levels increase to a set point; stimulus calling for glucagon diminishes. Stimulus: Glucose is absorbed following a meal. Beta cells of pancreas release insulin into blood. glucagon insulin Figure 15.10 Page 279