1. Workplace Violence: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies Lynn Jenkins National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Safety Research

2. Workplace Violence—A Long History  Assaults Upon Medical Men— JAMA, 1892  First Homicide of a U.S. Law Enforcement Officer—January 1794

3. Defining Workplace Violence  Definition: Violent acts towards persons while at work or on duty  FORMS:  Robbery-associated violence  Violence by disgruntled clients, customers, patients, families of patients, etc.  Violence by co-workers/former co-workers  Family/intimate partner violence

4. Workplace Violence-Occupational Safety and Health Issue  Early Milestones in NIOSH efforts  1988: NIOSH first published homicide data  1990: Workshop of Experts  1993: Published Alert on Homicide  1996: Published CIB on Workplace Violence

5. High Risk Industries  Highest rate of workplace homicide occurs in the taxicab industry, rate 60 times the average rate  Other high-risk industries include liquor stores and detective/protective services  Largest number of events occurs in grocery stores

6. High Risk Occupations  Highest rate occurs among taxicab drivers  Other high-risk occupations include sheriffs/bailiffs, police/detectives, gas station/garage workers and security guards  Largest number of events occurs among supervisors/proprietors in sales, more than twice as many as any other category

7. Circumstances or Perpetrator Workplace Homicides, US, 2000 Circumstances/ Perpetrator NumberPercent Robbery/Other Crime 52277% Co-worker/Former Co-worker 7511% Customer/Client375% Personal436% TOTAL677100%

8. BJS Data on Nonfatal Workplace Assaults National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), 1993-1999  Estimated 1.7 million workers experience a violent crime while working or on duty  Majority are simple assaults  18% of all violent crime during the 7-year period

9. Risk Factors for Workplace Violence  Contact with public  Exchange of money  Delivery of passengers,goods, services  Mobile workplace  Working alone or in small numbers  Working with unstable or volatile persons  Working late night/ early morning hours

10. Risk Factors for Workplace Violence  Guarding valuable property or possessions  Working in high-crime areas  Working in community-based settings

11. Strategies for Preventing Workplace Violence  ENVIRONMENTAL  Visibility and lighting  Cash handling  Physical separation  Access/egress  Security devices  Personal protective equipment

12. Strategies for Preventing Workplace Violence  ADMINISTRATIVE  Staffing patterns  Work practices  Policies and procedures

13. Strategies for Preventing Workplace Violence  BEHAVIORAL  Training in nonviolent response  Training in conflict resolution  Hazard awareness training  Function and use of equipment/facilities  Adherence to security policies, plans, procedures

14. N O ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL STRATEGY

15. KEY ISSUES in Workplace Violence Prevention Collaboration Evaluation