1. Before During After -Divine Right monarchs -Scientific Revolution and Renaissance challenged traditional knowledge -government uses people for taxes to pay for wars and leisure -examine the relationship between people and the government -censored enlightened thought -idea of natural rights and social contract developed -limited monarchies develop in England -American, French and Latin American Revolutions -People demand a say in government

2. Before During (what happened) After (effects) -Paleolithic period of hunters and gatherers -small nomadic groups (nomads move following sources of food) -hard to survive, short lives -plant crops and domesticate animals -settle into villages near rivers -surplus of food led to a higher population -Government develops -job specialization -trade and civilization develops Eight features of civilization: 1.Cities 2.Organized gov’t 3.Complex religion 4.Job specialization 5.Social structure 6.Arts and architecture 7.Public works (infrastructure) 8.Writing

3. Before (causes) During (what happened) After (effects) -Large Empires (British, Ottoman, Austrian) -MAIN -Spark: Assassination of Arch Duke Ferdinand in the “Powder Keg” -New weapons developed (machine guns, tanks, gas, artillery) -Trench warfare led to a stalemate -booming wartime economy -European empires broken up -Treaty of Versailles is unfair to Germans -Russian Revolution

4. Before (causes) During (what happened) After (effects) -Czar is absolute Ruler -Feudal system where peasants have no say or power -WWI- soldiers dying and wide spread famine -Land Bread and Peace promised to gain support -November revolution= Lenin and Bolsheviks take power -Treaty of Brest Litovsk to exit World War I (lose fertile land) -Communist Soviet Union emerges -Stalin’s 5 year plans and Great Purge -Widespread famine as collectives fail

5. Before (causes) During (what happened) After (effects) -Fascist leaders rise due to economic and political instability -Germany wants revenge for Treaty of Versailles -Appeasement to stop Hitler's aggression -Germany invades Poland and the Allies attack -Germany has initial wins occupying France and most of Western USSR -Total War- all in effort from nations involved -Pearl Harbor and America enters the battle -Millions of deaths including civilians and holocaust victims (Human Rights Declaration) -Strong United Nations created to avoid conflict -Cold War between Soviet Union and United States

7. Turning Point: Agricultural Revolution