1. Sociocultural Forces Chapter 6

2. Culture “The sum total of beliefs, rues, techniques, institutions, and artifacts that characterize human populations.” “The sum total of beliefs, rues, techniques, institutions, and artifacts that characterize human populations.” Learned patterns of behavior Learned patterns of behavior Ethnocentricity Ethnocentricity Effects on Effects on Marketing Marketing HR HR Production Production

3. Sociocultural Components Aesthetics Aesthetics Attitudes and Beliefs Attitudes and Beliefs Religion Religion Material Culture Material Culture Education Education Language Language Societal Organizations Societal Organizations Legal Characteristics Legal Characteristics Political Structures Political Structures

4. Aesthetics Art Art Symbols Symbols Feng shui Feng shui Music Music Folklore Folklore

5. Attitudes and Beliefs Attitude toward time Attitude toward time What do Americans want? What do Americans want? Be punctual Be punctual Manana Manana Siestas Siestas Impressions of Americans Impressions of Americans Directness and drive Directness and drive Deadlines Deadlines

6. Attitudes and Beliefs Attitudes toward Achievement Attitudes toward Achievement Americans Americans Some other countries Some other countries Demonstration effect Demonstration effect Job prestige Job prestige Attitudes toward Change Attitudes toward Change What hastens change? What hastens change?

7. Religion U.S. U.S. Christian Christian Atonement through Christ Atonement through Christ Catholicism Catholicism Protestant work ethic Protestant work ethic Asian Religions Asian Religions Hinduism Hinduism Cycle of birth, death, and reincarnation Cycle of birth, death, and reincarnation Caste system Caste system Buddhism Buddhism Renounce desires to achieve enlightenment Renounce desires to achieve enlightenment

8. Religion Asian Religions (cont’d) Asian Religions (cont’d) Jainism Jainism Nonviolence doctrine Nonviolence doctrine Sikhism Sikhism Bridge between Islam and Hinduism Bridge between Islam and Hinduism Confucianism Confucianism Jen, Li Jen, Li Taoism Taoism Yin/Yang Yin/Yang Shintoism Shintoism Japan Japan

9. Religion Islam Islam Five pillars Five pillars Two divisions Two divisions Shia Shia Sunni Sunni Animism Animism Spirits in nature Spirits in nature

10. Material Culture What is it? What is it? Technology Technology Seven benefits Seven benefits Concerns Concerns Cultural aspects Cultural aspects Technological dualism Technological dualism Appropriate technology Appropriate technology Boomerang effect Boomerang effect Government conrols Government conrols

11. Education Yardsticks Yardsticks Literacy Literacy Trends Trends Brain Drain Brain Drain Reverse Brain Drain Reverse Brain Drain Why? Why? Women’s Education Trends Women’s Education Trends

12. Language Spoken Language Spoken Language Delineate cultures Delineate cultures Foreign languages Foreign languages Lingua franca Lingua franca English as formal language of business English as formal language of business Why learn a foreign language? Why learn a foreign language? Translation Translation Backwards translation Backwards translation Technical terms Technical terms French v. English French v. English No Unpleasantness No Unpleasantness

13. Language Unspoken Language Unspoken Language Gestures Gestures Closed doors Closed doors Office size and location Office size and location Conversational distance Conversational distance

14. Language Gift-Giving Gift-Giving Acceptable gifts Acceptable gifts Bribery Bribery Extortion Extortion Transparency International Transparency International Questionable Questionable Greasing the skids Greasing the skids Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

15. Societal Organization Kinship Kinship Extended Extended Member’s responsibility Member’s responsibility Surnames Surnames Associations Associations Age Age Gender Gender Free association Free association

16. National Cultures Hofstede Hofstede Individualism v. Collectivism Individualism v. Collectivism Large v. Small Power Distance Large v. Small Power Distance Strong v. Weak Uncertainty Avoidance Strong v. Weak Uncertainty Avoidance Masculinity v. Femininity Masculinity v. Femininity