1. Tundra By: Troy H

2. The Tundra Covers 1/7 of the earth’s crust 25% of the earth’s crust is covered with permafrost Consists of Alpine and Antarctic Tundra (“Quizlet”) Image from SEGACMaps SEGACMaps

3. Tundra Food Web Image by troubadour1 troubadour1

4. Winter temperature of -30°F Summer temperature of 37°-54°F Precipitation is very low The coldest biome (“The Tundra”) Image by Whirling Phoenix Whirling PhoenixWhirling Phoenix

5. Strong winds Little rain Permafrost Long winters The sun is rarely seen in the winter (“Biotic”) Image by Richard Webb Richard WebbRichard Webb

6. Animal Adaptations The Tundra Bumble Bee has gotten dense hair which help with reducing heat loss. The Alaska blackfish produces certain chemicals which reduce the freezing temperature of its cells. Oxen have a lot of hair and small legs to help reduce heat loss. Many animals have learned to move slowly during the cold months and the brief hot summer in order to conserve energy and reduce the risk of overheating. (“Arctic”) Image from Public Domain Images Public Domain ImagesPublic Domain Images

7. Plant Adaptations Plants use perennials in order to conserve energy. Plants save energy for a couple of seasons before growing seeds. Many plants turn to face the light throughout the day Many plants grow a layer of fur Plants retain their old leaves in order to keep the nutrients and safe energy (“Alaska”) Image from Les Jardiniers du Possible Les Jardiniers du PossibleLes Jardiniers du Possible

8. Threats The melting of permafrost can cause a landscape change Lichen can be affected by air pollution Oil spills Heating up the permafrost with roads, construction, and buildings (“Tundra”) Photo by Rob Lee Rob LeeRob Lee

9. Competition and Cooperation Lichens are a example of cooperation. They are a combination of algae and fungi working together. Due to the food web being small and the harshness of the environment, the competition in the Tundra is very limited. There are only 48 different species in the Tundra. Most animals travel in herds. (S, Whitney) Image by 0P_timus 0P_timus

10. Threatened or Endangered Species Two species of the Arctic Fox Caribou Musk Ox Polar Bear (“Endangered”) Image by Cloudtail Cloudtail

11. Invasive Species Canada goose Red deer white-tailed deer Austrian pine Caribou Red fox (“Global”) Image by Danny Chapman Danny ChapmanDanny Chapman

12. Interesting Facts World’s youngest biome Formed 10,000 years ago Located from 55º-70ºN World’s coldest biome Winds can be from 30mph to 60mph (S. Whitney) Image by Peter Nijenhuis Peter NijenhuisPeter Nijenhuis

13. Importance The permafrost locks in CO2 The permafrost is used to measure climate change The biome is home to many endangered species that depend on it (“Endangered”) Image by weber_sd weber_sd

14. Youtube Video Youtube Video0:00-3:01

15. Works Cited "Alaska Department of Fish and Game." Tundra Wildlife and Plants Adaptations, Division of Wildlife Conservation,,. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012..https://secure.wildlife.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=ecosystems.tundralife "Arctic Adaptations." National Park Service. University of Guelph, n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2012.. http://www.nps.gov/akso/parkwise/students/referencelibrary/bela/arcticadaptations.htm "Biotic And Abiotic Factors On Tundra." Biotic And Abiotic Factors On Tundra. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2012.. http://oildrillingh.tripod.com/id14.html "Endangered Animals in the Tundra." Tundra Endangered Animals. Animal Port, n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012.. http://www.animalport.com/endangered-animals/tundra.html "Global Invasive Species Database." Global Invasive Species Database. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012.. http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss "Quizlet." Geography A2. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012.. http://quizlet.com/8912740/geography-a2-tundra-flash-cards/ S, Whitney. "Alpine Biome." Alpine Biome. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012.. http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/tundra.htm "The Tundra Biome." The Tundra Biome. University of California Museum of Paleontology, n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2012.. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/tundra.php "Tundra Threats." National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2012.. http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/tundra-threats/

16. Image Citations Bull moose browsing in an alaskan tundra pond public domain image picture. Web. Public Domain Images. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012. Cloudtail. polar bear. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012. Danny Chapman. Red Deer. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012. Les Jardiniers du Possible. Untitled. Web. Fotopedia. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012. Peter Nijenhuis. Tundra Plateau. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012. Richard Webb. Thin soils on Ben Armine. Web. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012. Rob Lee. Puddles and Clouds. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012. SEDACMaps. Global: The Last of the Wild, version 2. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012. weber_sd. Tundra Wildflowers. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012. Whirling Phoenix. Tundra. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012. troubadour1. tundra food web. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012. 0P_timus. lichen on quartz. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

17. Youtube Citation YouTube. Dir. GuyNML11. Perf. GuyNML11. YouTube. YouTube, 02 Oct. 2011. Web. 08 Oct. 2012..http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCqAp0uOOoM